Visual impairment, and Hematuria

Retinal macular dystrophy type 2 is a rare, genetic macular dystrophy disorder characterized by slowly progressive ''bull's eye'' maculopathy associated, in most cases, with mild decrease in visual acuity and central scotomata. Usually, only the central retina is involved, however some cases of more widespread rod and cone anomalies have been reported. Rare additional features include empty sella turcica, impaired olfaction, renal infections, hematuria and recurrent miscarriages.

RETINAL MACULAR DYSTROPHY TYPE 2 Is also known as mcdr2

• Visual impairment
• Rod-cone dystrophy
• Reduced visual acuity
• Retinopathy
• Hematuria

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Alport syndrome is a hereditary disorder of the basement membrane, resulting in a glomerulonephropathy causing renal failure. Progressive deafness and ocular anomalies may also occur (Mochizuki et al., 1994; Colville et al. (1997)). For a general phenotypic description of Alport syndrome, see the X-linked dominant form (OMIM ). Approximately 85% of cases of Alport syndrome are X-linked and about 15% are autosomal recessive; autosomal dominant inheritance (OMIM ) is rare (van der Loop et al., 2000).See also benign familial hematuria (BFH ), a similar but milder disorder.

• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cataract
• Hypertension

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Familial primary hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis with severe ocular involvement (FHHNCOI) is a form of familial primary hypomagnesemia (FPH, see this term), characterized by excessive magnesium and calcium renal wasting, bilateral nephrocalcinosis, progressive renal failure and severe ocular abnormalities.

FAMILIAL PRIMARY HYPOMAGNESEMIA WITH HYPERCALCIURIA AND NEPHROCALCINOSIS WITH SEVERE OCULAR INVOLVEMENT Is also known as meier-blumberg-imahorn syndrome|fhhnc with severe ocular involvement|hypercalciuria-bilateral macular coloboma syndrome|hypomagnesemia, familial, with hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and severe ocular involvement|macular coloboma, bilateral, with hyperc

• Nystagmus
• Visual impairment
• Myopia
• Renal insufficiency
• Hernia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Uveal coloboma-cleft lip and palate-intellectual disability is characterised by coloboma of the iris, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and intellectual deficiency of varying degree. A wide variability in clinical expression is observed. Some patients also present with microphthalmia, cataract, glaucoma, ptosis, sensorineural hearing loss and haematuria. To date, 12 cases have been described from three generations of a single family. Transmission is autosomal dominant.

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in the activity of coagulation factor VIII. The disorder is clinically heterogeneous with variable severity, depending on the plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII: mild, with levels 6 to 30% of normal; moderate, with levels 2 to 5% of normal; and severe, with levels less than 1% of normal. Patients with mild hemophilia usually bleed excessively only after trauma or surgery, whereas those with severe hemophilia have an annual average of 20 to 30 episodes of spontaneous or excessive bleeding after minor trauma, particularly into joints and muscles. These symptoms differ substantially from those of bleeding disorders due to platelet defects or von Willebrand disease (OMIM ), in which mucosal bleeding predominates (review by Mannucci and Tuddenham, 2001).

HEMOPHILIA A; HEMA Is also known as hemophilia, classic

• Pain
• Anemia
• Flexion contracture
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Blindness

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal dominant familial hematuria-retinal arteriolar tortuosity-contractures syndrome is characterised by the association of hematuria (without proteinuria) with extrarenal manifestations: retinal arterial tortuosities responsible for retinal haemorrhages, cardiac arrhythmia, Raynaud phenomena and congenital muscular contractures.

HANAC SYNDROME Is also known as hereditary angiopathy-nephropathy-aneurysms-muscle cramps syndrome|autosomal dominant familial hematuria-retinal arteriolar tortuosity-contractures syndrome

• Seizures
• Strabismus
• Cataract
• Flexion contracture
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Rendu-Osler-Weber disease, also called hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), is a disorder of angiogenesis leading to arteriovenous dilatations: cutaneo-mucosal hemorrhagic telangiectasias and visceral shunting.

HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA Is also known as hht|rendu-osler disease|rendu-osler-weber disease

• Seizures
• Congestive heart failure
• Cirrhosis
• Hepatic failure
• Hematuria

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Porencephaly is a term used for any cavitation or cerebrospinal fluid-filled cyst in the brain. One form, called encephaloclastic, or type 1, porencephaly, is usually unilateral and results from focal destructive lesions such as fetal vascular occlusion or birth trauma. Another form, called schizencephalic, or type 2, porencephaly, is usually symmetric and represents a primary defect or arrest in the development of the cerebral ventricles. Encephaloclastic porencephaly is more common (Airaksinen, 1984; Sensi et al., 1990). Genetic Heterogeneity of PorencephalySee also POREN2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COL4A2 gene (OMIM ).

FAMILIAL PORENCEPHALY Is also known as t1p|porencephaly, type 1, autosomal dominant|adt1p|hemiplegia, infantile, with porencephaly porencephaly, type 1

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Strabismus
• Cataract

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare disorder of glyoxylate metabolism characterized by the accumulation of oxalate due to a deficiency of the peroxisomal hepatic enzyme L-alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from occasional symptomatic nephrolithiasis to nephrocalcinosis and end-stage renal disease with systemic involvement.

PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA TYPE 1 Is also known as glycolic aciduria|peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency|peroxisomal alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency|hepatic agt deficiency|alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency|serine:pyruvate aminotransferase deficiency|oxalo

• Failure to thrive
• Pain
• Anemia
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Fever

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Retinal vasculopathy and cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) is an inherited group of small vessel diseases comprised of cerebroretinal vasculopathy (CRV), hereditary vascular retinopathy (HRV) and hereditary endotheliopathy with retinopathy, nephropathy and stroke (HERNS; see these terms); all exhibiting progressive visual impairment as well as variable cerebral dysfunction.

RETINAL VASCULOPATHY WITH CEREBRAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY AND SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS Is also known as retinopathy, vascular, with cerebral and renal involvement and raynaud and migraine phenomena|cerebroretinal vasculopathy, hereditary|crv|retinal vasculopathy and cerebral leukoencephalopathy|rvcl|rvcl-s

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN