Strabismus, and Amenorrhea

Low match BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS, PTOSIS, AND EPICANTHUS INVERSUS; BPES

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match CROUZON DISEASE

Crouzon disease is characterized by craniosynostosis and facial hypoplasia.

CROUZON DISEASE Is also known as crouzon craniofacial dysostosis|craniofacial dysostosis, type i|cfd1

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match CONGENITAL CATARACTS-FACIAL DYSMORPHISM-NEUROPATHY SYNDROME

Congenital Cataracts Facial Dysmorphism Neuropathy (CCFDN) syndrome is a complex developmental disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance.

CONGENITAL CATARACTS-FACIAL DYSMORPHISM-NEUROPATHY SYNDROME Is also known as ccfdn|cataract, congenital, with facial dysmorphism and neuropathy

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME 1; BBS1

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive and genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, kidney dysfunction, polydactyly, behavioral dysfunction, and hypogonadism (summary by Beales et al., 1999). Eight proteins implicated in the disorder assemble to form the BBSome, a stable complex involved in signaling receptor trafficking to and from cilia (summary by Scheidecker et al., 2014). Genetic Heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl SyndromeBBS1 is caused by mutation in a gene on chromosome 11q13 (OMIM ); BBS2 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 16q13 (OMIM ); BBS3 (OMIM ), by mutation in the ARL6 gene on 3q11 (OMIM ); BBS4 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 15q22 (OMIM ); BBS5 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 2q31 (OMIM ); BBS6 (OMIM ), by the MKKS gene on 20p12 (OMIM ), mutations in which also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (OMIM ); BBS7 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (OMIM ); BBS8 (OMIM ), by mutation in the TTC8 gene on 14q32 (OMIM ); BBS9 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 7p14 (OMIM ); BBS10 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 12q (OMIM ); BBS11 (OMIM ), by mutation in the TRIM32 gene on 9q33 (OMIM ); BBS12 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (OMIM ); BBS13 (OMIM ), by mutation in the MKS1 gene (OMIM ) on 17q23, mutations in which also cause Meckel syndrome-1 (OMIM ); BBS14 (OMIM ), by mutation in the CEP290 gene (OMIM ) on 12q21, mutations in which also cause Meckel syndrome-4 (OMIM ) and several other disorders; BBS15 (OMIM ), by mutation in the C2ORF86 gene (OMIM ), which encodes a homolog of the Drosophila planar cell polarity gene 'fritz,' on 2p15; BBS16 (OMIM ), by mutation in the SDCCAG8 gene (OMIM ) on 1q43, mutations in which also cause Senior-Loken syndrome-7 (OMIM ); BBS17 (OMIM ), by mutation in the LZTFL1 gene (OMIM ) on 3p21; BBS18 (OMIM ), by mutation in the BBIP1 gene (OMIM ) on 10q25; BBS19 (OMIM ), by mutation in the IFT27 gene (OMIM ) on 22q12; BBS20 (OMIM ), by mutation in the IFT74 gene (OMIM ) on 9p21; and BBS21 (OMIM ), by mutation in the C8ORF37 gene (OMIM ).The CCDC28B gene (OMIM ) modifies the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes. Mutations in MKS1, MKS3 (TMEM67 ), and C2ORF86 also modify the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes.Although BBS had originally been thought to be a recessive disorder, Katsanis et al. (2001) demonstrated that clinical manifestation of some forms of Bardet-Biedl syndrome requires recessive mutations in 1 of the 6 loci plus an additional mutation in a second locus. While Katsanis et al. (2001) called this 'triallelic inheritance,' Burghes et al. (2001) suggested the term 'recessive inheritance with a modifier of penetrance.' Mykytyn et al. (2002) found no evidence of involvement of the common BBS1 mutation in triallelic inheritance. However, Fan et al. (2004) found heterozygosity in a mutation of the BBS3 gene ({608845.0002}) as an apparent modifier of the expression of homozygosity of the met390-to-arg mutation in the BBS1 gene ({209901.0001}).Allelic disorders include nonsyndromic forms of retinitis pigmentosa: RP51 (OMIM ), caused by TTC8 mutation, and RP55 (OMIM ), caused by ARL6 mutation.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match BORJESON-FORSSMAN-LEHMANN SYNDROME

Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is a rare X-linked obesity syndrome characterized by intellectual deficit, truncal obesity, characteristic facial features, hypogonadism, tapered fingers and short toes.

BORJESON-FORSSMAN-LEHMANN SYNDROME Is also known as mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic, borjeson-forssman-lehmann type|bfls|intellectual disability-epilepsy-endocrine disorders syndrome|borjeson syndrome|mrxsbfl|mental retardation, epilepsy, and endocrine disorders|borj

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match COMBINED PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCIES, GENETIC FORMS

Congenital hypopituitarism is characterized by multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, including somatotroph, thyrotroph, lactotroph, corticotroph or gonadotroph deficiencies, due to mutations of pituitary transcription factors involved in pituitary ontogenesis. Congenital hypopituitarism is rare compared with the high incidence of hypopituitarism induced by pituitary adenomas, transsphenoidal surgery or radiotherapy.

COMBINED PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCIES, GENETIC FORMS Is also known as multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic forms|familial congenital hypopituitarism

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Low match WEAVER SYNDROME; WVS

Weaver syndrome comprises pre- and postnatal overgrowth, accelerated osseous maturation, characteristic craniofacial appearance, and developmental delay. Most cases are sporadic, although autosomal dominant inheritance has been reported. Although there is phenotypic overlap between Weaver syndrome and Sotos syndrome (OMIM ), distinguishing features of Weaver syndrome include broad forehead and face, ocular hypertelorism, prominent wide philtrum, micrognathia, deep horizontal chin groove, and deep-set nails. In addition, carpal bone development is advanced over the rest of the hand in Weaver syndrome, whereas in Sotos syndrome carpal bone development is at or behind that of the rest of the hand (summary by Basel-Vanagaite, 2010).The 'Weaver-like' syndrome reported by Stoll et al. (1985) in a mother and son may be a separate entity.Sotos syndrome (OMIM ), which shows considerable phenotypic overlap with Weaver syndrome, is caused by mutation in the NSD1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 5q35.

WEAVER SYNDROME; WVS Is also known as weaver-smith syndrome|wss

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match NOONAN SYNDROME 1; NS1

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphism, and a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects. The distinctive facial features consist of a broad forehead, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, a high-arched palate, and low-set, posteriorly rotated ears. Cardiac involvement is present in up to 90% of patients. Pulmonic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are the most common forms of cardiac disease, but a variety of other lesions are also observed. Additional relatively frequent features include multiple skeletal defects (chest and spine deformities), webbed neck, mental retardation, cryptorchidism, and bleeding diathesis (summary by Tartaglia et al., 2002). Genetic Heterogeneity of Noonan SyndromeSee also NS3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the KRAS gene (OMIM ); NS4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SOS1 gene (OMIM ); NS5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RAF1 gene (OMIM ); NS6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NRAS gene (OMIM ); NS7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the BRAF gene (OMIM ); NS8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RIT1 gene (OMIM ); NS9 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SOS2 gene (OMIM ); and NS10 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the LZTR1 gene (OMIM ).See also NS2 (OMIM ) for a possible autosomal recessive form of NS; Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair-1 (NSLH1 ), caused by mutation in the SHOC2 gene (OMIM ); Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair-2 (NSLH2 ), caused by mutation in the PPP1CB gene (OMIM ); and Noonan syndrome-like disorder with or without juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (NSLL ), caused by mutation in the CBL gene (OMIM ).Mutations in the neurofibromin gene (NF1 ), which is the site of mutations causing classic neurofibromatosis type I (NF1 ), have been found in neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome (NFNS ).

NOONAN SYNDROME 1; NS1 Is also known as female pseudo-turner syndrome|male turner syndrome|noonan syndrome|turner phenotype with normal karyotype

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match CORNELIA DE LANGE SYNDROME

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem disorder with variable expression marked by a characteristic facial dysmorphism, variable degrees of intellectual deficit, severe growth retardation beginning before birth (2nd trimester), abnormal hands and feet (oligodactyly, or sometimes an even more severe amputation, and constant brachymetacarpia of the first metacarpus), and various other malformations (heart, kidney etc.).

CORNELIA DE LANGE SYNDROME Is also known as brachmann-de lange syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match MYHRE SYNDROME

Myhre syndrome is characterised by striking muscular build, short stature, reduced joint mobility, brachydactyly, mixed hearing loss and mental retardation of variable severity. Facial dysmorphism with short palpebral fissures, short philtrum, thin lips, maxillary hypoplasia and prognathism is present. Thick skin has been observed in six patients.

MYHRE SYNDROME Is also known as laryngotracheal stenosis, arthropathy, prognathism, and short stature|laps syndrome|growth-mental deficiency syndrome of myhre|facial dysmorphism-intellectual disability-short stature-hearing loss syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN