Spasticity, and Micromelia

Medium match SPONDYLOENCHONDRODYSPLASIA

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) is a very rare genetic skeletal dysplasia characterized clinically by skeletal anomalies (short stature, platyspondyly, short broad ilia) and enchondromas in the long bones or pelvis. SPENCD may have a heterogeneous clinical spectrum with neurological involvement (spasticity, mental retardation and cerebral calcifications) or autoimmune manifestations, such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus (see these terms) hemolytic anemia and thyroiditis.

SPONDYLOENCHONDRODYSPLASIA Is also known as spencd|spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with enchondromatous changes|spondyloenchondromatosis

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Abnormality of the dentition
• Kyphosis
• Kyphoscoliosis

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match SPONDYLOENCHONDRODYSPLASIA WITH IMMUNE DYSREGULATION; SPENCDI

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI) is an immunoosseous dysplasia combining the typical metaphyseal and vertebral bone lesions of spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) with immune dysfunction and neurologic involvement. The skeletal dysplasia is characterized by radiolucent and irregular spondylar and metaphyseal lesions that represent islands of chondroid tissue within bone. The vertebral bodies show dorsally accentuated platyspondyly with disturbance of ossification. Clinical abnormalities such as short stature, rhizomelic micromelia, increased lumbar lordosis, barrel chest, facial anomalies, and clumsy movements may be present (Menger et al., 1989). Central nervous system involvement includes spasticity, mental retardation, and cerebral calcifications, and immune dysregulation ranges from autoimmunity to immunodeficiency. Neurologic and autoimmune manifestations have been observed in different combinations within a single family, suggesting that this disorder may be defined by specific radiographic features but has remarkably pleiotropic manifestations (Renella et al., 2006). Briggs et al. (2016) also noted variability in skeletal, neurologic, and immune phenotypes, which was sometimes marked between members of the same family. Classification of the EnchondromatosesIn their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (OMIM ), type III; and spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD), also called spondyloenchondromatosis, type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978).Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).

SPONDYLOENCHONDRODYSPLASIA WITH IMMUNE DYSREGULATION; SPENCDI Is also known as spencd|combined immunodeficiency with autoimmunity and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia|roifman immunoskeletal syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Spasticity
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match DESMOSTEROLOSIS

Desmosterolosis is a very rare sterol biosynthesis disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies, failure to thrive, and intellectual disability, with elevated levels of desmosterol.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match ACROCEPHALOPOLYDACTYLOUS DYSPLASIA

Acrocephalopolydactylous dysplasia, or Elejalde syndrome, is a lethal multiple congenital disorder characterized by increased birth weight, globular body with thick skin, organomegaly, and fibrosis in multiple tissues (summary by Phadke et al., 2011).

ACROCEPHALOPOLYDACTYLOUS DYSPLASIA Is also known as elejalde syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match NEU-LAXOVA SYNDROME

Neu-Laxova syndrome (NLS) is a rare, multiple malformation syndrome characterised by severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), severe microcephaly with a sloping forehead, severe ichthyosis (collodion baby type), and facial dysmorphism.

NEU-LAXOVA SYNDROME Is also known as neu-laxova syndrome|3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency, neonatal form|nls

• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 19 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD19

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia with or without polydactyly, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Low-set ears
• Brachydactyly
• Ventricular septal defect
• Respiratory insufficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match SHORT STATURE-OPTIC ATROPHY-PELGER-HUËT ANOMALY SYNDROME

Among the Yakuts, an Asian population isolate that is located in the northeastern part of Siberia, Maksimova et al. (2010) ascertained a short stature syndrome involving autosomal recessive postnatal growth failure, small hands and feet, loss of visual acuity with abnormalities of color vision, abnormal nuclear shape in neutrophil granulocytes (Pelger-Huet anomaly; see {169400}), and normal intelligence.

SHORT STATURE-OPTIC ATROPHY-PELGER-HUËT ANOMALY SYNDROME Is also known as soph syndrome

• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Strabismus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match MICROCEPHALIC OSTEODYSPLASTIC PRIMORDIAL DWARFISM TYPES I AND III

Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) types 1 and 3 are characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, skeletal dysplasia, low-birth weight and brain anomalies. Although MOPD types 1 and 3 were originally described as two separate entities on the basis of radiological criteria (notably small differences in pelvic and long bone structure), later reports confirmed that the two forms represent different modes of expression of the same syndrome.

MICROCEPHALIC OSTEODYSPLASTIC PRIMORDIAL DWARFISM TYPES I AND III Is also known as microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, taybi-linder type|low-birth-weight dwarfism with skeletal dysplasia|mopd i|mopd types i and iii|osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type i|primordial microcephalic dwarfism, crachami type|mopd|cephaloske

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, MÉGARBANÉ TYPE

Autosomal recessive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Mégarbané type is a rare, primary bone dysplasia characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, pre- and postnatal disproportionate short stature with short, rhizomelic limbs, facial dysmorphism, a short neck and small thorax. Hypotonia, cardiomegaly and global developmetal delay have also been associated. Several radiographic findings have been reported, including ribs with cupped ends, platyspondyly, square iliac bones, horizontal and trident acetabula, hypoplastic ischia, and delayed epiphyseal ossification.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, MÉGARBANÉ TYPE Is also known as chondrodysplasia, megarbane-dagher-melki type

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match IMAGE SYNDROME

IMAGe syndrome is characterized by the association of Intrauterine growth retardation, Metaphyseal dysplasia (and short limbs), Adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and Genital anomalies. It has been described in less than 20 cases. The patients also present with dysmorphic features (frontal bossing, broad nasal bridge, low-set ears). In boys, genital anomalies include bilateral cryptorchidism, hypospadias, micropenis, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This syndrome is likely to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.

IMAGE SYNDROME Is also known as intrauterine growth retardation-metaphyseal dysplasia-adrenal hypoplasia congenita-genital anomalies syndrome|image syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN