Rod-cone dystrophy, and Smooth philtrum

Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive heterogeneous ciliopathy that is primarily characterized by skeletal abnormalities, including craniosynostosis, narrow rib cage, short limbs, and brachydactyly, and ectodermal defects. Nephronophthisis leading to progressive renal failure, hepatic fibrosis, heart defects, and retinitis pigmentosa have also been described (summary by Arts et al., 2011).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of cranioectodermal dysplasia, see CED1 (OMIM ).

• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertension
• Brachydactyly
• Frontal bossing

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive heterogeneous ciliopathy that is primarily characterized by skeletal abnormalities, including craniosynostosis, narrow rib cage, short limbs, and brachydactyly, and ectodermal defects. Nephronophthisis leading to progressive renal failure, hepatic fibrosis, heart defects, and retinitis pigmentosa have also been described (summary by Arts et al., 2011).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of cranioectodermal dysplasia, see CED1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Features of the Opitz GBBB syndrome include hypertelorism or telecanthus; laryngotracheoesophageal cleft; clefts of lip, palate, and uvula; swallowing difficulty and hoarse cry; genitourinary defects, especially hypospadias in males and splayed labia majora in females; mental retardation; developmental delay; and congenital heart defects.The Opitz GBBB syndrome was earlier thought to be 2 separate X-linked syndromes called the G syndrome and the BBB syndrome; both were listed in the X-linked catalog as recently as the seventh edition of MIM (1986).The Opitz GBBB syndrome is genetically heterogeneous, with both autosomal dominant and X-linked (OMIM ) forms. Robin et al. (1996) compared the phenotypic features of the X-linked and autosomal forms. They found that anteverted nares and posterior pharyngeal cleft were seen only in the X-linked form. However, all other manifestations of the syndrome, such as hypertelorism, swallowing difficulties, hypospadias, and developmental delay, were seen in both forms.

OPITZ GBBB SYNDROME, TYPE II; GBBB2 Is also known as opitz bbbg syndrome|gbbb syndrome|hypospadias-dysphagia syndrome|hypertelorism-hypospadias syndrome|opitz-g syndrome, type ii|telecanthus-hypospadias syndrome|g syndrome|opitz oculogenitolaryngeal syndrome, type ii|ogs2|opitz-frias syndrome|opitz gbbb syn

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 9 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD9 Is also known as mzsds|mainzer-saldino syndrome|renal dysplasia, retinal pigmentary dystrophy, cerebellar ataxia, and skeletal dysplasia|conorenal syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Cohen syndrome is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by many clinical features, including facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, truncal obesity, intellectual disability, progressive retinopathy, and intermittent congenital neutropenia (summary by Duplomb et al., 2014).

COHEN SYNDROME; COH1 Is also known as chs1, formerly|pepper syndrome|coh|hypotonia, obesity, and prominent incisors

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Oculocerebrofacial syndrome, Kaufman type is characterized by psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, eye abnormalities (microcornea, strabismus, myopia, optic atrophy), high-arched palate, preauricular skin tags and micrognathia with respiratory distress. It has been described in about 10 cases. Other anomalies can be present: long thin hands and feet, ambiguous genitalia, hypertelorism, etc. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance seems most likely.

OCULOCEREBROFACIAL SYNDROME, KAUFMAN TYPE Is also known as mendenhall syndrome|rabson-mendenhall syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

The acrocallosal syndrome is an autosomal recessive mental retardation syndrome with brain abnormalities such as corpus callosum agenesis and/or Dandy-Walker malformation as well as dysmorphic features, postaxial polydactyly of the hands, and preaxial polydactyly of the feet (Schinzel and Schmid, 1980). It is considered a ciliopathy (Putoux et al., 2011).Joubert syndrome-12 is a disorder with an overlapping phenotype characterized by the hallmark finding of the molar tooth sign (MTS) on brain MRI. For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.Hydrolethalus-2 (HLS2 ) is an allelic disorder with a more severe phenotype and death in utero.

ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME; ACLS Is also known as hallux duplication, postaxial polydactyly, and absence of corpus callosum|schinzel acrocallosal syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome is characterized by a specific hindbrain formation, hypotonia, cerebellar ataxia, dysregulated breathing patterns, and developmental delay. Ciliary dysfunction is a key factor in the pathogenesis (Coene et al., 2009).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

SHRF is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, dysmorphic facial features, hearing loss, and visual impairment. Onset of the hearing and visual abnormalities, including retinitis pigmentosa, varies from birth to the second decade. Patients have mild intellectual disability and mild cerebellar atrophy with myelination defects on brain imaging (summary by Di Donato et al., 2016).

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA-HEARING LOSS-PREMATURE AGING-SHORT STATURE-FACIAL DYSMORPHISM SYNDROME Is also known as retinitis pigmentosa-deafness-premature aging-short stature-facial dysmorphism syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN