Myopathy, and Tapered finger

Carey-Fineman-Ziter (CFZ) syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the association of hypotonia, Moebius sequence (bilateral congenital facial palsy with impairment of ocular abduction), Pierre-Robin sequence (micrognathia, glossoptosis, and high-arched or cleft palate), unusual face, and growth delay.

CAREY-FINEMAN-ZITER SYNDROME Is also known as myopathy-moebius-robin syndrome|myopathy, congenital nonprogressive, with moebius sequence and robin sequence

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by diminished fetal activity, obesity, muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, short stature, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and small hands and feet. It can be considered to be an autosomal dominant disorder and is caused by deletion or disruption of a gene or several genes on the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 or maternal uniparental disomy 15, because the gene(s) on the maternal chromosome(s) 15 are virtually inactive through imprinting. Horsthemke and Wagstaff (2008) provided a detailed review of the mechanisms of imprinting of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome (OMIM ) region.See also the chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (OMIM ), which shows overlapping clinical features.

PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME; PWS Is also known as prader-labhart-willi syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency is a very rare type of creatine deficiency sydrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and myopathy.

L-ARGININE:GLYCINE AMIDINOTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency|gatm deficiency|agat deficiency|creatine deficiency syndrome due to agat deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital lethal myopathy, Compton-North type is a rare, genetic, lethal, non-dystrophic congenital myopathy disorder characterized, antenatally, by fetal akinesia, intrauterine growth restriction and polyhydramnios, and, following birth, by severe neonatal hypotonia, severe generalized skeletal, bulbar and respiratory muscle weakness, multiple flexion contractures, and normal creatine kinase serum levels. Ultrastructurally, loss of integrin alpha7, beta2-syntrophin and alpha-dystrobrevin from the muscle sarcolemma and disruption of sarcomeres with disorganization of the Z band are observed.

• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Flexion contracture
• High palate

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

EMARDD is a congenital myopathy characterized by proximal and generalized muscle weakness, respiratory difficulties, joint contractures, and scoliosis. More variable features include cleft palate and feeding difficulties. There is variable severity: some patients become ventilator-dependent, never achieve walking, and die in childhood, whereas others have a longer and more favorable course (summary by Logan et al., 2011 and Boyden et al., 2012).

EARLY-ONSET MYOPATHY-AREFLEXIA-RESPIRATORY DISTRESS-DYSPHAGIA SYNDROME Is also known as emardd

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

The musculocontractural type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is characterized by progressive multisystem fragility-related manifestations, including joint dislocations and deformities; skin hyperextensibility, bruisability, and fragility, with recurrent large subcutaneous hematomas; cardiac valvular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and ophthalmologic complications; and myopathy, featuring muscle hypoplasia, muscle weakness, and an abnormal muscle fiber pattern in histology in adulthood, resulting in gross motor developmental delay (summary by Muller et al., 2013).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of the musculocontractural type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, see EDSMC1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Hypertelorism
• Muscle weakness
• Abnormal facial shape
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy (AR-CNM) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder defined by numerous centrally placed nuclei on muscle biopsy and clinical features of a congenital myopathy.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CENTRONUCLEAR MYOPATHY Is also known as myopathy, centronuclear, autosomal recessive|myotubular myopathy, autosomal recessive|ar-cnm

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Familial visceral myopathy is a rare inherited form of myopathic pseudoobstruction, characterized by impaired function of enteric smooth muscle cells resulting in abnormal intestinal mobility, severe abdominal pain, malnutrition, and even death (Lehtonen et al., 2012). Visceral myopathy represents a phenotypic spectrum of disease characterized by inter- and intrafamilial variability, in which the most severely affected patients exhibit prenatal bladder enlargement, intestinal malrotation, neonatal functional gastrointestinal obstruction, and chronic dependence on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and urinary catheterization (summary by Wangler et al., 2014).Another form of visceral myopathy with functional gastrointestinal obstruction is associated with external ophthalmoplegia (OMIM ).Functional gastrointestinal obstruction also occurs in association with other abnormalities, such as 'prune belly' syndrome (OMIM ) and Barrett esophagus (Mungan syndrome; {611376}). Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction can also be neuropathic in origin (see {609629}).

VISCERAL MYOPATHY; VSCM Is also known as megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome|infantile visceral myopathy|mmih|megaduodenum and/or megacystis|pseudoobstruction, idiopathic intestinal|berdon syndrome

• Microcephaly
• Failure to thrive
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Multiple pterygium syndromes comprise a group of multiple congenital anomaly disorders characterized by webbing (pterygia) of the neck, elbows, and/or knees and joint contractures (arthrogryposis) (Morgan et al., 2006). The multiple pterygium syndromes are phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous but are traditionally divided into prenatally lethal (OMIM ) and nonlethal (Escobar) types.

MULTIPLE PTERYGIUM SYNDROME, ESCOBAR VARIANT; EVMPS Is also known as escobar syndrome|multiple pterygium syndrome|pterygium syndrome|multiple pterygium syndrome, nonlethal type|pterygium colli syndrome|pterygium universale

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder defined by numerous centrally placed nuclei on muscle biopsy and clinical features of a congenital myopathy.

X-LINKED CENTRONUCLEAR MYOPATHY Is also known as x-linked myotubular myopathy|myotubular myopathy, x-linked|myotubular myopathy 1|xlmtm|mtmx|xlcnm|mtm1

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN