Muscular hypotonia, and Camptodactyly of finger

SLC35A3-CDG is a form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation characterized by distal arthrogryposis (mild flexion contractures of the fingers, deviation of the distal phalanges, swan-neck deformity), retromicrognathia, general muscle hypotonia, delayed psychomotor development, autism spectrum disorder (speech delay, abnormal use of speech, difficulties in initiating, understanding and maintaining social interaction, limited non-verbal communication and repetitive behavior), seizures, microcephaly and mild to moderate intellectual disability that becomes apparent with age. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene SLC35A3 (1p21).

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER-EPILEPSY-ARTHROGRYPOSIS SYNDROME Is also known as slc35a3-cdg

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

MASA syndrome (Mental retardation, Aphasia, Spastic paraplegia, Adducted thumbs) is a historical term used to describe a phenotype now considered to be part of the X-linked L1 clinical spectrum (L1 syndrome, see this term). MASA is characterized by mild to moderate intellectual deficit, delayed development of speech, hypotonia progressing to spasticity or spastic paraplegia, adducted thumbs, and mild to moderate distension of the cerebral ventricles.

MASA SYNDROME Is also known as spastic paraplegia 1, x-linked|thumb, congenital clasped, with mental retardation|gareis-mason syndrome|intellectual disability-aphasia-shuffling gait-adducted thumbs syndrome|clasped thumb and mental retardation|spg1|mental retardation, aphasia, shufflin

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 is a rare genetic motor neuron disease characterized by severe respiratory distress/respiratory failure in association with diaphragmatic eventration and palsy, as well as progressive, symmetrical, distal-to-proximal muscle weakness and atrophy (in lower limbs especially). Patients typically have a history of intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, feeble cry, weak suck and failure to thrive and present with inspiratory stridor, recurrent episodes of dyspnea or apnea, cyanosis and absent deep tendon reflexes. Kyphosis/scoliosis, foot deformities and joint contractures are frequently associated features.

SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS TYPE 1 Is also known as dhmn6|hmn6|neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type vi|spinal muscular atrophy, diaphragmatic|autosomal recessive distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1|autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress|dsma1|distal-hmn type 6|diaphr

• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

2q24 microdeletion syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly consisting of a partial long arm deletion of chromosome 2 and characterized clinically by a wide range of manifestations (depending on the specific region deleted) which can include seizures, microcephaly, dysmorphic features, cleft palate, eye abnormalities (coloboma, cataract and microphthalmia), growth retardation, failure to thrive, heart defects, limb anomalies, developmental delay and autism.

2Q24 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as monosomy 2q24|del(2)(q24)

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

BETHLEM MYOPATHY 1; BTHLM1 Is also known as muscular dystrophy, benign congenital|bethlem myopathy|myopathy, benign congenital, with contractures

• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

EMARDD is a congenital myopathy characterized by proximal and generalized muscle weakness, respiratory difficulties, joint contractures, and scoliosis. More variable features include cleft palate and feeding difficulties. There is variable severity: some patients become ventilator-dependent, never achieve walking, and die in childhood, whereas others have a longer and more favorable course (summary by Logan et al., 2011 and Boyden et al., 2012).

EARLY-ONSET MYOPATHY-AREFLEXIA-RESPIRATORY DISTRESS-DYSPHAGIA SYNDROME Is also known as emardd

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a very rare disorder belonging to the heterogeneous group of genetic fibromatoses and is characterized by progressive joint contractures, skin abnormalities, severe chronic pain and widespread deposition of hyaline material in many tissues such as the skin, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes, spleen, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Muscular hypotonia
• Feeding difficulties
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bethlem myopathy is a benign autosomal dominant form of slowly progressive muscular dystrophy.

BETHLEM MYOPATHY Is also known as ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy|benign autosomal dominant myopathy|ullrich disease|ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy|muscular dystrophy, scleroatonic|ucmd

• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome (SWS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital primary skeletal dysplasia, characterized by small stature, bowing of the long bones, camptodactyly, hyperthermic episodes, respiratory distress/apneic episodes and feeding difficulties that usually lead to early mortality.

STÜVE-WIEDEMANN SYNDROME Is also known as neonatal schwartz-jampel syndrome|stÜve-wiedemann dysplasia|sjs2|schwartz-jampel syndrome type 2

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Muscular hypotonia
• Flexion contracture
• Intrauterine growth retardation

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Heart and brain malformation syndrome is a severe autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by profoundly delayed psychomotor development, dysmorphic facial features, microphthalmia, cardiac malformations, mainly septal defects, and brain malformations, including Dandy-Walker malformation (summary by Shaheen et al., 2016).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN