Muscle weakness, and Postaxial polydactyly

Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 3 is a rare, pure or complex subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia, with highly variable phenotype, typically characterized by childhood-onset of minimally progressive, bilateral, mainly symmetric lower limb spasticity and weakness, associated with pes cavus, diminished vibration sense, sphincter disturbances and/or urinary bladder hyperactivity. Additional associated manifestations may include scoliosis, mild intellectual disability, optic atrophy, axonal motor neuropathy and/or distal amyotrophy.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 3 Is also known as strÜmpell disease

• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Cataract
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

NDMSBA is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by infantile onset of progressive microcephaly and spasticity and severe global developmental delay resulting in profound mental retardation and severely impaired or absent motor function. More variable features include seizures and optic atrophy. Brain imaging may show myelinating abnormalities and white matter lesions consistent with a leukoencephalopathy, as well as structural anomalies, including thin corpus callosum, gyral abnormalities, and cerebral or cerebellar atrophy. Some patients die in early childhood (summary by Falik Zaccai et al., 2017 and Hall et al., 2017).

PLAA-ASSOCIATED NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER Is also known as plaand

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome-24 is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by delayed psychomotor development associated with cerebellar hypoplasia manifest as the molar tooth sign on brain imaging. Additional variable features include hypotonia, abnormal eye movements, and postaxial polydactyly (summary by Huppke et al., 2015).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Abnormal facial shape
• Hyperhidrosis
• Postaxial hand polydactyly
• Broad phalanges of the 5th finger

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Polydactyly refers to the occurrence of supernumerary digits and is the most frequent of congenital hand and foot deformities. Based on the location of the extra digits, polydactyly can be classified into preaxial, involving the thumb or great toe; postaxial, affecting the fifth digit; and central, involving the 3 central digits. Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is further subclassified into 2 types: in type A, a well-formed extra digit articulates with the fifth or a sixth metacarpal, whereas in type B, a rudimentary, poorly developed extra digit is present (summary by Umm-e-Kalsoom et al., 2012). Genetic Heterogeneity of Postaxial PolydactylyOther forms of postaxial polydactyly type A include PAPA2 (OMIM ) on chromosome 13q21; PAPA3 (OMIM ) on chromosome 19p13; PAPA4 (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q22; PAPA5 (OMIM ) on chromosome 13q13; PAPA6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ZNF141 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 4p16; PAPA7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the IQCE gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7p22; and PAPA8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the GLI1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12q13.

POSTAXIAL POLYDACTYLY TYPE A Is also known as postaxial polydactyly, type a|papa|polydactyly, postaxial

• Syndactyly
• Polydactyly
• Abnormality of the foot
• Postaxial polydactyly
• Postaxial hand polydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia with or without polydactyly, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Low-set ears
• Brachydactyly
• Ventricular septal defect
• Respiratory insufficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome is characterized by a specific hindbrain formation, hypotonia, cerebellar ataxia, dysregulated breathing patterns, and developmental delay. Ciliary dysfunction is a key factor in the pathogenesis (Coene et al., 2009).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME; BCNS Is also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome|gorlin-goltz syndrome|gorlin syndrome|nbccs|multiple basal cell nevi, odontogenic keratocysts, and skeletal anomalies

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN