Motor delay, and Hypodontia

Deafness with labyrinthine aplasia, microtia, and microdontia (LAMM) is a genetic transmission deafness syndrome.

DEAFNESS WITH LABYRINTHINE APLASIA, MICROTIA, AND MICRODONTIA Is also known as microdontia-type i microtia-deafness syndrome|deafness, congenital, with labyrinthine aplasia, microtia, and microdontia|deafness with lamm|lamm syndrome

• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Strabismus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-ataxia-hypodontia-hypomyelination syndrome is a rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by early-onset, progressive ataxia, white matter hypomyelination and cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI imaging, and various dental abnormalities, including hypodontia, delayed primary tooth eruption, complete retention of the primary maxillary central incisors and abnormal shape of the permanent maxillary incisors.

HYPOMYELINATING LEUKODYSTROPHY-ATAXIA-HYPODONTIA-HYPOMYELINATION SYNDROME Is also known as 4h syndrome|leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, with hypodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism|leukoencephalopathy, hypomyelinating, with ataxia and delayed dentition|ataxia, delayed dentition, and hypomyelination|ataxia-delayed dentition-hypomyelination

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal dominant mental retardation-44 is characterized by mildly delayed global development, resulting in variable intellectual deficits or learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and abnormalities of the fingers, particularly brachydactyly, tapering fingers, and broad interphalangeal joints. Most patients also have microcephaly; additional features are highly variable (summary by Ba et al., 2016).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) form a heterogeneous group of hereditary connective tissue diseases characterized by joint hyperlaxity, cutaneous hyperelasticity and tissue fragility. The dermatosparaxis type (formerly called EDS type VIIC) is marked by extremely fragile tissues, hyperextensible skin and easy bruising. Facial skin contains numerous folds, as in the cutis laxa syndrome. Umbilical or inguinal hernias have also been described. Dermatosparaxis is extremely rare and few cases only have been reported. The disease is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is due to N-terminal procollagen I peptidase deficiency causing abnormal maturation of the alpha1 (I) and alpha2 (I) collagen I pro-chains, in which the aminoterminal propeptide is incorrectly cleaved. The causative gene, ADAMTS2, has been localised to 5q23. The homozygous mutation Q225X was present in 80% of cases subjected to molecular analysis. There is no specific treatment available for this disease, but symptomatic management should be offered in a specialised centre.

EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME, DERMATOSPARAXIS TYPE Is also known as ehlers-danlos syndrome, type vii, autosomal recessive|eds7c|dermatosparaxis|ehlers-danlos syndrome type 7c|eds viic

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

MULIBREY nanism (MUL) is a prenatal onset growth disorder with multiorgan manifestations.

MULIBREY NANISM Is also known as mulibrey dwarfism|pericardial constriction and growth failure|muscle-liver-brain-eye nanism|perheentupa syndrome|pericardial constriction-growth failure syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

BBS21 is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by obesity, postaxial polydactyly, retinal degeneration, and mild cognitive impairment (Heon et al., 2016; Khan et al., 2016).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (OMIM ).

• Cognitive impairment
• Delayed speech and language development
• Myopia
• Blindness
• Abnormality of the dentition

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Mutations in the NFKBIA gene result in functional impairment of NFKB1 (OMIM ), a master transcription factor required for normal activation of immune responses. Interruption of NFKB1 signaling results in decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and certain interferons, rendering patients susceptible to infection (McDonald et al., 2007).

• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Delayed speech and language development
• Frontal bossing
• Diarrhea

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

TREMOR-ATAXIA-CENTRAL HYPOMYELINATION SYNDROME Is also known as tach syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Spasticity

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN