Micrognathia, and Pulmonic stenosis

Polyvalvular heart disease syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by the combination of polyvalvular heart disease, short stature, facial anomalies and intellectual deficit.

POLYVALVULAR HEART DISEASE SYNDROME Is also known as phd syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Micrognathia
• Ptosis
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome resulting from disordered peroxisome biogenesis. Affected children present in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, seizures, and inability to feed. Characteristic craniofacial anomalies, eye abnormalities, neuronal migration defects, hepatomegaly, and chondrodysplasia punctata are present. Children with this condition do not show any significant development and usually die in the first year of life (summary by Steinberg et al., 2006).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Zellweger syndrome, see {214100}.Individuals with PBDs of complementation group 12 (CG12, equivalent to CGG) have mutations in the PEX3 gene. For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}.

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has a prevalence of approximately 2 to 3% in the general population. It is characterized by fibromyxomatous changes in mitral leaflet tissue, with upward displacement of 1 or both leaflets into the left atrium during systole; MVP is diagnosed when the movement of the mitral leaflets exceeds 2 mm. In classic MVP, leaflets are at least 5 mm thick, whereas in nonclassic MVP, they are less than 5 mm thick. Auscultatory findings, when present, consist of a midsystolic click and/or a late systolic murmur. The natural history of MVP varies from benign, with a normal life expectancy, to severe complications associated with the development of significant mitral regurgitation, including congestive heart failure, bacterial endocarditis, atrial fibrillation, thromboembolism, and even sudden death. However, complications are uncommon, affecting less than 3% of individuals with MVP (Freed et al., 1999; Grau et al., 2007; Delling and Vasan, 2014).Grau et al. (2007) provided a detailed review of the genetics of mitral valve prolapse. Delling and Vasan (2014) reviewed the epidemiology and pathophysiology of MVP, with discussion of disease progression, genetics, and molecular basis. Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Mitral Valve ProlapseSeveral loci for mitral valve prolapse (MVP) have been been mapped: MVP1 to chromosome 16p; MVP2 (OMIM ) to chromosome 11p; and MVP3 (OMIM ) to chromosome 13q.

FAMILIAL MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE Is also known as myxomatous mitral valve prolapse 1|barlow syndrome|pmv|mmvp1|floppy mitral valve|myxomatous valvular disease, familial|mitral regurgitation, familial|mvp prolapsed mitral valve|mitral valve prolapse, myxomatous 1|click-murmur syndrome|mitral valve prolaps

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Micrognathia
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive heterogeneous ciliopathy that is primarily characterized by skeletal abnormalities, including craniosynostosis, narrow rib cage, short limbs, and brachydactyly, and ectodermal defects. Nephronophthisis leading to progressive renal failure, hepatic fibrosis, heart defects, and retinitis pigmentosa have also been described (summary by Arts et al., 2011).For discussion of genetic heterogeneity of cranioectodermal dysplasia, see CED1 (OMIM ).

• Short stature
• Micrognathia
• Brachydactyly
• Macrocephaly
• Frontal bossing

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is a very rare syndrome characterized by progressive loss of bone, usually the capsal and tarsal bones, resulting in deformity and disability, as well as chronic renal failure in many cases. The bone and renal disorders are sometimes associated with intellectual deficit and facial abnormalities.

MULTICENTRIC CARPO-TARSAL OSTEOLYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT NEPHROPATHY Is also known as multicentric osteolysis, autosomal dominant|idiopathic multicentric osteolysis with or without nephropathy|osteolysis, hereditary, of carpal bones with or without nephropathy

• Intellectual disability
• Micrognathia
• Hypertension
• Wide nasal bridge
• Gait disturbance

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by distinctive facial dysmorphism, pre- and postnatal growth failure, delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability, hypertrichosis, and sometimes distal limb malformations (summary by Gil-Rodriguez et al., 2015).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, see {122470}.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Patients with SSFSC have short stature, facial dysmorphism, and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies. Distinctive facial features include midface retrusion, short upturned nose, long philtrum, high-arched or cleft palate, and variable degrees of micrognathia and dental crowding. Skeletal anomalies include patterning defects of the axial skeleton, characterized by 11 pairs of ribs and brachydactyly of the fifth ray. Congenital heart defects are variably observed and appear to involve primarily the cardiac outflow tract (Tan et al., 2017).

• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

A distinct group of inborn defects of complex V (ATP synthase) is represented by the enzyme deficiency due to nuclear genome mutations characterized by a selective inhibition of ATP synthase biogenesis. Biochemically, the patients show a generalized decrease in the content of ATP synthase complex which is less than 30% of normal. Most cases present with neonatal-onset hypotonia, lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Many patients die within a few months or years (summary by Mayr et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Mitochondrial Complex V DeficiencyOther nuclear types of mitochondrial complex V deficiency include MC5DN2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TMEM70 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 8q21; MC5DN3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5E gene (ATP5F1E ) on chromosome 20q13; MC5DN4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5A1 gene (ATP5FA1 ) on chromosome 18q; and MC5DN5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5D gene (ATP5F1D ) on chromosome 19p13.Mutations in the mitochondrial-encoded MTATP6 (OMIM ) and MTATP8 (OMIM ) genes can also cause mitochondrial complex V deficiency (see, e.g., {551500} and {500003}).

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX V (ATP SYNTHASE) DEFICIENCY, NUCLEAR TYPE 1; MC5DN1 Is also known as mitochondrial complex v (atp synthase) deficiency, atpaf2 type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Matthew-Wood syndrome is a rare clinical entity including as main characteristics anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia, and pulmonary hypoplasia or aplasia.

MATTHEW-WOOD SYNDROME Is also known as anophthalmia, clinical, with mild facial dysmorphism and variable malformations of the lung, heart, and diaphragm|syndromic microphthalmia type 9|mcops9|pulmonary agenesis, microphthalmia, and diaphragmatic defect|anophthalmia-pulmonary hypoplasia syndrom

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Mandibulofacial dysostosis-microcephaly syndrome is a rare genetic multiple malformation disorder characterized by malar and mandibular hypoplasia, microcephaly, ear malformations with associated conductive hearing loss, distinctive facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, and intellectual disability.

MANDIBULOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS-MICROCEPHALY SYNDROME Is also known as mfdm syndrome|growth and mental retardation, mandibulofacial dysostosis, microcephaly, and cleft palate|mfdm|mandibulofacial dysostosis, guion-almeida type|mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN