Micrognathia, and Polycystic kidney dysplasia

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Micrognathia
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is an inherited disorder characterised by the development of cysts affecting the collecting ducts. It is frequently associated with hepatic involvement.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE Is also known as polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1|polycystic kidney disease, infantile, type i|pkhd1|arpkd|ar-pkd|polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive|polycystic kidney disease 4 with or without hepatic disease|pkd3, formerly

• Micrognathia
• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Ventricular septal defect
• Respiratory insufficiency

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly disorder characterized by skeletal dysplasia, dysmorphic facial features, and variable visceral abnormalities, including polycystic kidneys, diaphragmatic hernia, lung hypoplasia, and congenital heart defects. It may be lethal in utero or early in life. The disorder is at the severe end of the phenotypic spectrum of congenital disorders of glycosylation (summary by Tham et al., 2016).

GILLESSEN-KAESBACH-NISHIMURA SYNDROME; GIKANIS Is also known as polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive, with microbrachycephaly, hypertelorism, and brachymelia

• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Orofaciodigital syndrome type I (OFD1) is characterized by malformations of the face, oral cavity, and digits and is transmitted as an X-linked dominant condition with lethality in males. Thickened alveolar ridges and abnormal dentition, including absent lateral incisors, are additional characteristics of OFD1. The central nervous system may also be involved in as many as 40% of cases. Although these clinical features overlap those reported in other forms of orofaciodigital syndrome, OFD1 can be easily distinguished from among these by its X-linked dominant inheritance pattern and by polycystic kidney disease, which seems to be specific to type I (summary by Ferrante et al., 2001).Since the CXORF5 gene localizes to the centrosome and basal body of primary cilia, OFD1 is considered to be a ciliopathy (Chetty-John et al., 2010).

OROFACIODIGITAL SYNDROME I; OFD1 Is also known as oral-facial-digital syndrome, type i|papillon-leage and psaume syndrome|ofds i

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Meckel syndrome, also known as Meckel-Gruber syndrome, is a severe pleiotropic autosomal recessive developmental disorder caused by dysfunction of primary cilia during early embryogenesis. There is extensive clinical variability and controversy as to the minimum diagnostic criteria. Early reports, including that of Opitz and Howe (1969) and Wright et al. (1994), stated that the classic triad of Meckel syndrome comprises (1) cystic renal disease; (2) a central nervous system malformation, most commonly occipital encephalocele; and (3) polydactyly, most often postaxial. However, based on a study of 67 patients, Salonen (1984) concluded that the minimum diagnostic criteria are (1) cystic renal disease; (2) CNS malformation, and (3) hepatic abnormalities, including portal fibrosis or ductal proliferation. In a review of Meckel syndrome, Logan et al. (2011) stated that the classic triad first described by Meckel (1822) included occipital encephalocele, cystic kidneys, and fibrotic changes to the liver. Genetic Heterogeneity of Meckel SyndromeSee also MKS2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TMEM216 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q12; MKS3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TMEM67 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 8q; MKS4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CEP290 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12q; MKS5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPGRIP1L gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16q12; MKS6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CC2D2A gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 4p15; MKS7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NPHP3 (OMIM ) gene on chromosome 3q22; MKS8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TCTN2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12q24; MKS9 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the B9D1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17p11; MKS10 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the B9D2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 19q13; MKS11 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TMEM231 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16q23; MKS12 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the KIF14 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q32; and MKS13 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TMEM107 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17p13.

MECKEL SYNDROME, TYPE 1; MKS1 Is also known as mks|meckel-gruber syndrome, type 1|meckel syndrome|gruber syndrome|dysencephalia splanchnocystica|mes|meckel-gruber syndrome

• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

The peroxisome biogenesis disorder (PBD) Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Affected children present in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, seizures, and inability to feed. Characteristic craniofacial anomalies, eye abnormalities, neuronal migration defects, hepatomegaly, and chondrodysplasia punctata are present. Children with this condition do not show any significant development and usually die in the first year of life (summary by Steinberg et al., 2006).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Zellweger syndrome, see {214100}.Individuals with PBDs of complementation group 2 (CG2) have mutations in the PEX5 gene. For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Alpha-thalassemia-intellectual deficit syndrome linked to chromosome 16 (ATR-16), a contiguous gene deletion syndrome, is a form of alpha-thalassemia (see this term) characterized by microcytosis, hypochromia, normal hemoglobin (Hb) level or mild anemia, associated with developmental abnormalities.

ALPHA-THALASSEMIA-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME LINKED TO CHROMOSOME 16 Is also known as hbhr|atr syndrome, deletion type|alpha thalassemia-mental retardation syndrome|mental retardation with hemoglobin h|alpha thalassemia-intellectual disability syndrome, deletion type|alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, deletion-type|atr, deletio

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Perlman syndrome is characterized principally by polyhydramnios, neonatal macrosomia, bilateral renal tumours (hamartomas with or without nephroblastomatosis), hypertrophy of the islets of Langerhans and facial dysmorphism.

PERLMAN SYNDROME Is also known as nephroblastomatosis, fetal ascites, macrosomia, and wilms tumor|nephroblastomatosis-fetal ascites-macrosomia-wilms tumor syndrome|renal hamartomas, nephroblastomatosis, and fetal gigantism

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome with orofaciodigital defect (or oral-facial-digital syndrome type 6, OFD6) is a very rare subtype of Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD, see this term) characterized by the neurological features of JS associated with orofacial anomalies and often polydactyly.

OROFACIODIGITAL SYNDROME TYPE 6 Is also known as vÁradi syndrome|polydactyly-cleft lip/palate-psychomotor retardation syndrome|polydactyly, cleft lip/palate or lingual lump, and psychomotor retardation|vÁradi-papp syndrome|joubert syndrome with orofaciodigital defect|oral-facial-digital syndrome type 6|

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN