Microcephaly, and Splenomegaly

The primary immunodeficiency with natural-killer cell deficiency and adrenal insufficiency is characterised by a specific natural-killer (NK) cell deficiency and susceptibility to viral diseases. It has been described in four children from a large inbred kindred. Three out of the four children reported developed a viral illness. The mode of transmission is most likely autosomal recessive. The causative gene has been localised to within a 12-Mb region on chromosome 8p11.23-q11.21.

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY WITH NATURAL-KILLER CELL DEFICIENCY AND ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY Is also known as natural killer cell deficiency, familial isolated|natural killer cell and glucocorticoid deficiency with dna repair defect|nkgcd|primary immunodeficiency due to mcm4 deficiency|nkcd

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hereditary cryohydrocytosis with reduced stomatin is a rare hemolytic anemia characterized by combination of neurologic features, such as psychomotor delay, seizures, variable movement disorders, and hemolytic anemia with stomatocytosis, resulting in cation-leaky erythrocytes, pseudohyperkalemia, hemolytic crises and hepatosplenomegaly. Cataracts are also a presenting feature.

HEREDITARY CRYOHYDROCYTOSIS WITH REDUCED STOMATIN Is also known as cryohydrocytosis, stomatin-deficient, with mental retardation, seizures, cataracts, and massive hepatosplenomegaly|hereditary cryohydrocytosis type 2|sdchc|stomatin-deficient cryohydrocytosis|chc type 2|glut1 deficiency syndrome with pseudohyperkalemia an

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome-7 is an autosomal dominant inflammatory disorder characterized by severe neurologic impairment. Most patients present in infancy with delayed psychomotor development, axial hypotonia, spasticity, and brain imaging changes, including basal ganglia calcification, cerebral atrophy, and deep white matter abnormalities. Laboratory evaluation shows increased alpha-interferon (IFNA1 ) activity with upregulation of interferon signaling and interferon-stimulated gene expression. Some patients may have normal early development followed by episodic neurologic regression (summary by Rice et al., 2014).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, see AGS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by cerebellar ataxia, cytopenias and predisposition to bone marrow failure and myeloid leukaemia. Neurologic features variably include slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia or balance impairment with cerebellar atrophy and periventricular white matter T2 hyperintensities in brain MRI, horizontal and vertical nystagmus, dysmetria, dysarthria, pyramidal tract signs and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Hematological abnormalities are variable and may be intermittent and include cytopenias of all cell lineages, immunodeficiency, myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia.

ATAXIA-PANCYTOPENIA SYNDROME Is also known as myelocerebellar disorder

• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Anemia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-10 is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by infantile onset of immunodeficiency, oculocutaneous albinism, and severe neurologic impairment, including severely delayed global development and intractable seizures (summary by Ammann et al., 2016).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, see HPS1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Nystagmus
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-3 is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset in infancy of progressive liver failure and neurologic abnormalities, hypoglycemia, and increased lactate in body fluids. Affected tissues show both decreased activity of the mtDNA-encoded respiratory chain complexes (I, III, IV, and V) and mtDNA depletion (Mandel et al., 2001).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive mtDNA depletion syndromes, see MTDPS1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

COG4-CDG is an extremely rare form of CDG syndrome (see this term) characterized clinically in the single reported case to date by seizures, some dysmorphic features, axial hyponia, slight peripheral hypertonia and hyperreflexia.

COG4-CDG Is also known as carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type iij|cdg-iij|cdg syndrome type iij|cdg2j|congenital disorder of glycosylation type iij|congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2j|cdgiij|cdg iij

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Hypermanganesemia with dystonia-1 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by increased serum manganese, motor neurodegeneration with extrapyramidal features, polycythemia, and hepatic dysfunction, which leads to cirrhosis in some cases. Intellectual function is preserved (summary by Tuschl et al., 2012 and Quadri et al., 2012). Genetic Heterogeneity of Hypermanganesemia With DystoniaSee also HMNDYT2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SLC39A14 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 8p21.

CIRRHOSIS-DYSTONIA-POLYCYTHEMIA-HYPERMANGANESEMIA SYNDROME Is also known as hmdpc|hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis

• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Hypertension
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS-2) is a type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS; see this term), a multi-system disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis and neutropenia.

HERMANSKY-PUDLAK SYNDROME WITH NEUTROPENIA Is also known as hps2|hermansky-pudlak syndrome type 2

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN