Microcephaly, and Otitis media

Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIc (CDG2C) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by moderate to severe psychomotor retardation, mild dysmorphism, and impaired neutrophil motility. It is a member of a group of disorders with a defect in the processing of protein-bound glycans. For a general overview of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs), see CDG1A (OMIM ) and CDG2A (OMIM ).The neutrophil defect in CDG2C has been referred to as 'leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II' (LAD2), which is a manifestation of the disorder; there are no cases of 'primary' LAD II (Frydman, 1996).Etzioni and Harlan (1999) provided a comprehensive review of both LAD1 (OMIM ) and LAD2. While the functional neutrophil studies are similar in the 2 LADs, the clinical course is milder in LAD2. Furthermore, patients with LAD2 present other abnormal features, such as growth and mental retardation, which are related to the primary defect in fucose metabolism. Delayed separation of the umbilical cord occurs in LAD1.

CONGENITAL DISORDER OF GLYCOSYLATION, TYPE IIC; CDG2C Is also known as cdgiic|rhs|lad2|cdg iic|rambam-hasharon syndrome|leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type ii

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

MRD57 is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Most affected individuals have delayed psychomotor development apparent in infancy or early childhood, language delay, and behavioral abnormalities. Additional features may include hypotonia, feeding problems, gastrointestinal issues, and dysmorphic facial features (summary by Reijnders et al., 2018).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

A rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by increased radiosensitivity(R), mild immunodeficiency (ID), dysmorphic features (D), and learning difficulties (LE).

RIDDLE SYNDROME Is also known as rnf168 deficiency|radiosensitivity-immunodeficiency-dysmorphic features-learning difficulties syndrome|radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, dysmorphic features, and learning difficulties

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome is characterised by the association of severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans. It has been described in four unrelated individuals. Structural central nervous system anomalies, seizures and hearing loss were also reported, together with bowing of the clavicle, femur, tibia and fibula in some cases. The syndrome is caused by a Lys650Met substitution in the kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (encoded by the FGFR3 gene; 4p16.3).

SEVERE ACHONDROPLASIA-DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY-ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS SYNDROME Is also known as saddan|saddan dysplasia

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Kabuki syndrome is a congenital mental retardation syndrome with additional features, including postnatal dwarfism, a peculiar facies characterized by long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids (reminiscent of the make-up of actors of Kabuki, a Japanese traditional theatrical form), a broad and depressed nasal tip, large prominent earlobes, a cleft or high-arched palate, scoliosis, short fifth finger, persistence of fingerpads, radiographic abnormalities of the vertebrae, hands, and hip joints, and recurrent otitis media in infancy (Niikawa et al., 1981).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Kabuki syndrome, see KABUK1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Ohdo blepharophimosis syndrome (OBS) is a multiple congenital malformation syndrome characterized by blepharophimosis, ptosis, dental hypoplasia, hearing impairment and intellectual disability.

BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME, OHDO TYPE Is also known as young-simpson syndrome|ohdo syndrome|ohdo-madokoro-sonoda syndrome|say-barber-biesecker-young-simpson syndrome|bmrs, ohdo type|yss|blepharophimosis syndrome, ohdo type

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Bloom syndrome (BSyn) is a rare chromosomal breakage syndrome characterized by a marked genetic instability associated with pre- and postnatal growth retardation, facial sun-sensitive telangiectatic erythema, increased susceptibility to infections, and predisposition to cancer.

BLOOM SYNDROME Is also known as bls|microcephaly, growth restriction, and increased sister chromatid exchange 1|bs|bsyn|mgrisce1

• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

X-linked syndromic mental retardation-33 is an X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features (summary by O'Rawe et al., 2015).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

17q23.1q23.2 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by developmental delay, microcephaly, short stature, heart defects and limb abnormalities.

17Q23.1Q23.2 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as 17q23.1-q23.2 microdeletion syndrome|del(17)(q23.1q23.2)|monosomy 17q23.1q23.2|monosomy 17q23.1-q23.2

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

KBG syndrome is a rare condition characterised by a typical facial dysmorphism, macrodontia of the upper central incisors, skeletal (mainly costovertebral) anomalies and developmental delay.

KBG SYNDROME Is also known as short stature-facial and skeletal anomalies-intellectual disability-macrodontia syndrome|macrodontia, mental retardation, characteristic facies, short stature, and skeletal anomalies

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN