Microcephaly, and Kyphosis

Nevus comedonicus (NC) is a rare type of epidermal nevus with predilection for the face and neck area. The condition develops within the first decade of life in most patients. NC is characterized by dilated, plugged follicular ostia containing lamellar keratinaceous material and grouped in a honeycomb pattern; the distribution of lesions may be unilateral, bilateral, linear, interrupted, segmental, or along the lines of Blaschko. NC may be nonpyogenic with an acne-like appearance or associated with the formation of cysts, papules, pustules, and abscesses. Histologically, the lesions are large, grouped, dilated follicular ostia devoid of hair shafts but filled with keratin layers (summary by Tchernev et al., 2013).

• Seizures
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Cataract
• Alopecia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Seckel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, dwarfism, microcephaly with mental retardation, and a characteristic 'bird-headed' facial appearance (summary by Shanske et al., 1997).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Seckel syndrome, see SCKL1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

X-linked colobomatous microphthalmia-microcephaly-intellectual disability-short stature syndrome is a rare syndromic microphthalmia disorder characterized by microphthalmia with coloboma (which may involve the iris, cilary body, choroid, retina and/or optic nerve), microcephaly, short stature and intellectual disability. Other eye abnormalities such as pendular nystagmus, esotropia and ptosis may also be present. Additional associated abnormalities include kyphoscoliosis, anteverted pinnae with minimal convolutions, diastema of the incisors and congenital pes varus.

X-LINKED COLOBOMATOUS MICROPHTHALMIA-MICROCEPHALY-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-SHORT STATURE SYNDROME Is also known as maine microphthalmos|colobomatous microphthalmia with microcephaly, short stature, and psychomotor retardation|x-linked colobomatous microphthalmia-microcephaly-short stature-psychomotor retardation syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIA AND BRAIN ABNORMALITIES WITH OR WITHOUT SEIZURES; NEDSBAS Is also known as elhattab-alkuraya syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Regressive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia is a rare, primary bone dysplasia characterized by mild short stature, rhizomelic shortening of the arms and legs, bowing of long bones with widened and irregular metaphyses, thoracolumbar kyphosis, and metacarpal shortening. A marked improvement of the radiologic skeletal features is typical. Pelger-Huet anomaly (i.e. dumbbell shape bilobed nuclei of neutrophils) is a characteristic hematological feature of this disease.

REGRESSIVE SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA Is also known as regressive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Flexion contracture
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital muscular dystrophy without intellectual disability is a rare, genetic, congenital muscular dystrophy due to dystroglycanopathy disorder characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum which includes hypotonia and muscular weakness present at birth or early infancy, delayed or arrested motor development, and normal intellectual abilities with normal (or only mild abnormalities) neuroimaging studies. Feeding difficulties, joint and spinal deformities, and respiratory insufficiency may be associated. Decreased alpha-dystroglycan on immunohistochemical muscle staining and elevated serum creatine kinase are observed.

CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY WITHOUT INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Is also known as cmd without intellectual disability|cmd-no mr|congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy without intellectual disability

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Motor delay
• Ventriculomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 53 (SPG53) is a very rare, complex type of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by early-onset spastic paraplegia (with spasticity in the lower extremities that progresses to the upper extremities) associated with developmental and motor delay, mild to moderate cognitive and speech delay, skeletal dysmorphism (e.g. kyphosis and pectus), hypertrichosis and mildly impaired vibration sense. SPG53 is due to mutations in the VPS37A gene (8p22) encoding vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 53 Is also known as spg53

• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Failure to thrive
• Spasticity

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

PEHO-like syndrome is a rare, genetic neurological disease characterized by progressive encephalopathy, early-onset seizures with a hypsarrhythmic pattern, facial and limb edema, severe hypotonia, early arrest of psychomotor development and craniofacial dysmorphism (evolving microcephaly, narrow forehead, short nose, prominent auricles, open mouth, micrognathia), in the absence of neuro-ophthalmic or neuroradiologic findings. Poor visual responsiveness, growth failure and tapering fingers are also associated.

PEHO-LIKE SYNDROME Is also known as progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy-like syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

TELO2-RELATED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER Is also known as you-hoover-fong syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Severe intellectual disability-short stature-behavioral abnormalities-facial dysmorphism syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability with limited or absent speech and language, short stature, acquired microcephaly, kyphoscoliosis or scoliosis, and behavioral disturbances that include hyperactivity, stereotypy and aggressiveness. Facial dysmorphism, that typically includes sloping forehead, mild synophrys, deep-set eyes, strabismus, anteverted large ears, prominent nose and dental malposition, is also characteristic.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN