Macrocephaly, and Intestinal malrotation

Seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome is a rare, genetic neurometabolic disorder characterized by seizures, macrocephaly, delayed motor milestones, moderate intellectual disability, scoliosis with no exostoses, muscular hypotonia present since birth, as well as renal dysfunction. Coarse facial features (including hypertelorism and long hypoplastic philtrum) and bilateral cryptorchidism (in males) are also commonly reported. Additional manifestations include abnormal gastrointestinal motility (resulting in constipation, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux and dysphagia), gait disturbances, strabismus and ventricular septal defects.

SEIZURES-SCOLIOSIS-MACROCEPHALY SYNDROME Is also known as ssm syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital anomaly characterized by a defect in the formation or segmentation of the cervical vertebrae, resulting in a fused appearance. The clinical triad consists of short neck, low posterior hairline, and limited neck movement, although less than 50% of patients demonstrate all 3 clinical features (Tracy et al., 2004). Genetic Heterogeneity of Klippel-Feil SyndromeAdditional forms of KFS include autosomal recessive KFS2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MEOX1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q21, autosomal dominant KFS3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the GDF3 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12p13, and autosomal recessive KFS4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MYO18B gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 22q12.See also MURCS association (OMIM ), in which Klippel-Feil anomaly is associated with urogenital anomalies.

KLIPPEL-FEIL SYNDROME 1, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; KFS1 Is also known as cervical vertebral fusion, autosomal dominant|kfs

• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

DIARRHEA 3, SECRETORY SODIUM, CONGENITAL, WITH OR WITHOUT OTHER CONGENITAL ANOMALIES; DIAR3 Is also known as diarrhea 3, secretory sodium, congenital, syndromic|csd|sodium diarrhea, congenital

• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized overgrowth, mainly of height, and mildly delayed psychomotor development with mild or severe learning difficulties. More variable features may include congenital heart defects, kidney abnormalities, and skeletal defects. Patients may have an increased risk for Wilms tumor (summary by Akawi et al., 2016).

TALL STATURE-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-RENAL ANOMALIES SYNDROME Is also known as thauvin-robinet-faivre syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital hydrocephalus-2 is a congenital disorder with onset in utero. Affected individuals have hydrocephalus with variably dilated ventricles and variable neurologic sequelae. Some individuals have other brain abnormalities, including lissencephaly, thinning of the corpus callosum, and neuronal heterotopia. Most patients have delayed motor development and some have delayed intellectual development and/or seizures. Additional congenital features, including cardiac septal defects, iris coloboma, and nonspecific dysmorphic features, may be observed. Some patients die in utero, in infancy, or in early childhood, whereas others have long-term survival (summary by Shaheen et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital hydrocephalus, see {233600}.

HYDROCEPHALUS, CONGENITAL, 2, WITH OR WITHOUT BRAIN OR EYE ANOMALIES; HYC2 Is also known as hydrocephalus, nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive 2, formerly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome-2 is an X-linked recessive syndromic form of intellectual disability associated with posterior fossa defects, cardiac malformations, and minor abnormalities of the face and distal extremities (summary by Kolanczyk et al., 2015).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome, see RTSC1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Donnai-Barrow syndrome (DBS) is a rare, often severe, multiple congenital malformation syndrome with typical facial dysmorphism, ocular findings, hearing loss, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and variable intellectual disability. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and/or omphalocele are common.

DONNAI-BARROW SYNDROME Is also known as syndrome of ocular and facial anomalies, telecanthus and deafness|diaphragmatic hernia, exomphalos, absent corpus callosum, hypertelorism, myopia, sensorineural deafness, and proteinuria|foar syndrome|facio-oculo-acoustico-renal syndrome|diaphragmatic her

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 6 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD6 Is also known as majewski syndrome|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type ii|srps2a|srps, type ii|polydactyly with neonatal chondrodystrophy, type ii|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type iia

• Short stature
• Cleft palate
• Delayed speech and language development
• Motor delay
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Greenberg dysplasia is a very rare lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by fetal hydrops, short limbs and abnormal chondro-osseous calcification. The disease is characterized by early in utero lethality and affected fetuses are considered as nonviable.

GREENBERG DYSPLASIA Is also known as skeletal dysplasia, greenberg type|hem dysplasia|moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia|hem skeletal dysplasia|hydrops-ectopic calcification-motheaten syndrome|hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia|chondrodystrophy, hydropic and prenatally le

• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Low-set ears
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Desmosterolosis is a very rare sterol biosynthesis disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies, failure to thrive, and intellectual disability, with elevated levels of desmosterol.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN