Macrocephaly, and Feeding difficulties

Intellectual disability-feeding difficulties-developmental delay-microcephaly syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by borderline to severe intellectual disability, global development delay, feeding difficulties, microcephaly, short stature and mild facial dysmorphism, including thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, prominent incisors and/or thin upper lip. Other associated features may include hypermetropia with or without esotropia, behavioral anomallies (e.g. autistic behavior, sleeping disturbances), urogenital abnormalities (e.g. crytorchidism, inguinal hernia), single palmar crease, fifth-finger clinodactyly and cardiac defects (e.g. ASD, PDA).

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Strabismus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

TRISMUS-PSEUDOCAMPTODACTYLY SYNDROME Is also known as distal arthrogryposis type 7|hecht-beals syndrome|mouth, inability to open completely, and short finger-flexor tendons|trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome|hecht syndrome|dutch-kentucky syndrome

• Short stature
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape
• Ptosis
• Feeding difficulties

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HG and L-2-HG) is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder characterized by neonatal-onset encephalopathy with severe muscular weakness, intractable seizures, respiratory distress, and lack of psychomotor development resulting in early death. Brain imaging shows abnormalities including enlarged ventricles, delayed myelination, and germinal layer cysts (summary by Muntau et al., 2000).See also isolated L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (OMIM ) and isolated D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (see {600721}).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Cryptorchidism
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is an osteochondrodysplasia characterized by hyperostosis and sclerosis of the craniofacial bones associated with abnormal modeling of the metaphyses. Sclerosis of the skull may lead to asymmetry of the mandible, as well as to cranial nerve compression, that may finally result in hearing loss and facial palsy (summary by Nurnberg et al., 1997).The delineation of separate autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive (CMDR ) forms of CMD by Gorlin et al. (1969) was confirmed by reports that made it evident that the dominant form is relatively mild and comparatively common, while the recessive form is rare, severe, and possibly heterogeneous.

CRANIOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; CMDD Is also known as cmdj|cmd|craniometaphyseal dysplasia, jackson type

• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Feeding difficulties
• Wide nasal bridge

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome is characterized by a specific hindbrain formation, hypotonia, cerebellar ataxia, dysregulated breathing patterns, and developmental delay. Ciliary dysfunction is a key factor in the pathogenesis (Coene et al., 2009).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND), also known as 'question-mark ear syndrome' or 'dysgnathia complex,' is an autosomal dominant craniofacial malformation syndrome characterized by highly variable mandibular anomalies, including mild to severe micrognathia, often with temporomandibular joint ankylosis, cleft palate, and a distinctive ear malformation that consists of separation of the lobule from the external ear, giving the appearance of a question mark. Other frequently described features include prominent cheeks, cupped and posteriorly rotated ears, preauricular tags, and microstomia (summary by Rieder et al., 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of auriculocondylar syndrome, see ARCND1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

NEDMAGA is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by infantile-onset global developmental delay with severe to profound intellectual disability, mildly delayed walking with broad-based and unsteady gait, and absence of meaningful language. Patients have features of autism, with repetitive behaviors and poor communication, but usually are socially reactive and have a happy demeanor. More variable neurologic features include mild seizures, spasticity, and peripheral neuropathy (summary by Palmer et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Auriculo-condylar syndrome (ACS) presents with bilateral external ear malformations ('question mark' ears), mandibular condyle hypoplasia, microstomia, micrognathia, microglossia and facial asymmetry. Additional manifestations include hypotonia, ptosis, cleft palate, puffy cheeks, developmental delay, impaired hearing and respiratory distress.

AURICULOCONDYLAR SYNDROME Is also known as question mark ear syndrome|question mark ears syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Micrognathia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN