Leukemia, and Visual loss

Deafness - lymphedema - leukemia is a very rare, serious syndromic genetic disorder characterized by primary lymphedema, immunodeficiency, and hematological disorders.

DEAFNESS-LYMPHEDEMA-LEUKEMIA SYNDROME Is also known as emberger syndrome

• Hearing impairment
• Neoplasm
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Anemia
• Epicanthus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema or intellectual disability (MCLID) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by variable expression of microcephaly, ocular disorders including chorioretinopathy, congenital lymphedema of the lower limbs, and mild to moderate intellectual disability.

MICROCEPHALY-LYMPHEDEMA-CHORIORETINOPATHY SYNDROME Is also known as mlcrd

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Retinoblastoma (RB) is an embryonic malignant neoplasm of retinal origin. It almost always presents in early childhood and is often bilateral. Spontaneous regression ('cure') occurs in some cases. The retinoblastoma gene (RB1) was the first tumor suppressor gene cloned. It is a negative regulator of the cell cycle through its ability to bind the transcription factor E2F (OMIM ) and repress transcription of genes required for S phase (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000).

RETINOBLASTOMA; RB1 Is also known as rb

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Nystagmus
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal cells in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid tissues, and associated with the production of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal protein.

• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Knobloch syndrome (KS) is defined by vitreoretinal and macular degeneration, and occipital encephalocele.

KNOBLOCH SYNDROME Is also known as retinal detachment and occipital encephalocele|knobloch-layer syndrome|retinal detachment-occipital encephalocele syndrome|kno

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or mental retardation is an autosomal dominant disorder that involves an overlapping but variable spectrum of central nervous system and ocular developmental anomalies. Microcephaly ranges from mild to severe and is often associated with mild to moderate developmental delay and a characteristic facial phenotype with upslanting palpebral fissures, broad nose with rounded tip, long philtrum with thin upper lip, prominent chin, and prominent ears. Chorioretinopathy is the most common eye abnormality, but retinal folds, microphthalmia, and myopic and hypermetropic astigmatism have also been reported, and some individuals have no overt ocular phenotype. Congenital lymphedema, when present, is typically confined to the dorsa of the feet, and lymphoscintigraphy reveals the absence of radioactive isotope uptake from the webspaces between the toes (summary by Ostergaard et al., 2012). Robitaille et al. (2014) found that MCLMR includes a broader spectrum of ocular disease, including retinal detachment with avascularity of the peripheral retina, and noted phenotypic overlap with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR; see EVR1, {133780}).Birtel et al. (2017) observed intrafamilial and intraindividual variability in retinal phenotype, and noted that syndromic manifestations in some patients are too subtle to be detected during a routine ophthalmologic evaluation. Variable expressivity and reduced penetrance have also been observed in some families (Jones et al., 2014; Li et al., 2016).Autosomal recessive forms of microcephaly with chorioretinopathy have been reported (see {251270}).See also Mirhosseini-Holmes-Walton syndrome (autosomal recessive microcephaly with pigmentary retinopathy and mental retardation; {268050}), which has been mapped to chromosome 8q21.3-q22.1.

MICROCEPHALY WITH OR WITHOUT CHORIORETINOPATHY, LYMPHEDEMA, OR MENTAL RETARDATION; MCLMR Is also known as lymphedema, microcephaly, chorioretinopathy syndrome|cdmmr syndrome|mlcrd syndrome|lymphedema and retinal folds with microcephaly and microphthalmos|microcephaly and chorioretinopathy with or without mental retardation, autosomal dominant|microcephaly, ly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Neurofibromatosis type I is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules in the eye, and fibromatous tumors of the skin. Individuals with the disorder have increased susceptibility to the development of benign and malignant tumors. NF1 is sometimes referred to as 'peripheral neurofibromatosis.' The worldwide incidence of NF1 is 1 in 2,500 to 1 in 3,000 individuals (reviews by Shen et al., 1996 and Williams et al., 2009).Type II neurofibromatosis (NF2 ) is a genetically distinct disorder caused by mutation in the gene encoding merlin (NF2 ) on chromosome 22q12. NF2, sometimes known as 'central neurofibromatosis,' is characterized by bilateral acoustic neuroma and meningioma, but few skin lesions or neurofibromas (Rouleau et al., 1993).Some patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in mismatch repair genes (see, e.g., MLH1; {120436} and MSH2; {609309}) have a phenotype characterized by early onset malignancies and mild features of NF1, especially cafe-au-lait spots; this is known as the mismatch repair cancer syndrome (OMIM ), sometimes referred to as brain tumor-polyposis syndrome-1 or Turcot syndrome. These patients typically do not have germline mutations in the NF1 gene, although a study by Wang et al. (2003) suggested that biallelic mutations in mismatch repair genes may cause somatic mutations in the NF1 gene, perhaps resulting in isolated features resembling NF1.See also Legius syndrome (OMIM ), a genetically distinct disorder with a similar phenotype to NF1.

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 DUE TO NF1 MUTATION OR INTRAGENIC DELETION Is also known as von recklinghausen disease due to nf1 mutation or intragenic deletion|neurofibromatosis, peripheral type|von recklinghausen disease

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) is characterized by a triad of megaloblastic anemia, non-type I diabetes mellitus, and sensorineural deafness.

THIAMINE-RESPONSIVE MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA SYNDROME Is also known as thmd1|trma|thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia with diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness|rogers syndrome|thiamine-responsive myelodysplasia|thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 1 (megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and deafness type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a RASopathy characterized by craniofacial dysmorphology, congenital heart disease, dermatological abnormalities (most commonly hyperkeratotic skin and sparse, curly hair), growth retardation and intellectual disability.

CARDIOFACIOCUTANEOUS SYNDROME Is also known as cfcs|cfc syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

MN antigens reside on GYPA, one of the most abundant red-cell glycoproteins. The M and N antigens are 2 autosomal codominant antigens encoded by the first 5 amino acids of GYPA and include 3 O-linked glycans as part of the epitope. M and N differ at amino acids 1 and 5, where M is ser-ser-thr-thr-gly, and N is leu-ser-thr-thr-glu. M is the ancestral GYPA allele and is common in all human populations and Old World apes. GYPA, glycophorin B (GYPB ), and glycophorin E (GYPE ) are closely linked on chromosome 4q31. The N terminus of GYPB is essentially identical to that of GYPA except that it always expresses the N antigen, denoted 'N' or N-prime. Antigens of the Ss blood group (OMIM ) reside on GYPB, and recombination and gene conversion between GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE lead to hybrid glycophorin molecules and generation of low-incidence antigens. Thus, the MN and Ss blood groups are together referred to as the MNSs or MNS blood group system. The U antigen refers to a short extracellular sequence in GYPB located near the membrane. Recombination results in 3 glycophorin-null phenotypes: En(a-) cells lack GYPA due to recombination between GYPA and GYPB; GYPB-negative (S-s-U-) cells lack GYPB due to recombination in GYPB; and M(k) cells (M-N-S-s-U-) lack both GYPA and GYPB due to recombination between GYPA and GYPE. Individuals with glycophorin-null phenotypes have decreased sialic acid content and increased resistance to malarial infection (see {611162}). GYPA and GYPB are not essential for red-cell development or survival, and GYPA- and GYPB-null phenotypes are not associated with anemia or altered red-cell function (review by Cooling, 2015).

BLOOD GROUP, MN; MN Is also known as mn blood group

• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Leukemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN