Leukemia, and Dolichocephaly

Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant dysmorphic syndrome characterized primarily by dysmorphic facial features, cardiac abnormalities, and short stature, among other features (summary by Shah et al., 1999).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Noonan syndrome, see NS1 (OMIM ), which is caused by mutations in the PTPN11 gene (OMIM ). Approximately 50% of cases of Noonan syndrome are caused by mutations in PTPN11.

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Strabismus
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Mevalonic aciduria (MVA) is a rare, very severe form of mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD; see this term) characterized by dysmorphic features, failure to thrive, psychomotor delay, ocular involvement, hypotonia, progressive ataxia, myopathy, and recurrent inflammatory episodes.

MEVALONIC ACIDURIA Is also known as mva|complete mevalonate kinase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bloom syndrome (BSyn) is a rare chromosomal breakage syndrome characterized by a marked genetic instability associated with pre- and postnatal growth retardation, facial sun-sensitive telangiectatic erythema, increased susceptibility to infections, and predisposition to cancer.

BLOOM SYNDROME Is also known as bls|microcephaly, growth restriction, and increased sister chromatid exchange 1|bs|bsyn|mgrisce1

• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly characterized by multiple mosaic aneuploidies that leads to a variety of phenotypic abnormalities and cancer predisposition.

MOSAIC VARIEGATED ANEUPLOIDY SYNDROME Is also known as warburton-anyane-yeboa syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

SOTOS SYNDROME 1; SOTOS1 Is also known as chromosome 5q35 deletion syndrome|sotos syndrome|cerebral gigantism

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Cowden syndrome (CS) is a difficult to recognize, under-diagnosed genodermatosis characterized by the presence of multiple hamartomas in various tissues and an increased risk for malignancies of the breast, thyroid, endometrium, kidney and colorectum. When CS is accompanied by germline PTEN mutations, it belongs to the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS; see this term) group.

COWDEN SYNDROME Is also known as bzs|cowden disease|bbrs|macrocephaly, multiple lipomas, and hemangiomata|pten hamartoma tumor syndrome with granular cell tumor|bannayan-zonana syndrome|macrocephaly, pseudopapilledema, and multiple hemangiomata|cs|cd|mham|pten hamartoma tumor syndrome|ri

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by diminished fetal activity, obesity, muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, short stature, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and small hands and feet. It can be considered to be an autosomal dominant disorder and is caused by deletion or disruption of a gene or several genes on the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 or maternal uniparental disomy 15, because the gene(s) on the maternal chromosome(s) 15 are virtually inactive through imprinting. Horsthemke and Wagstaff (2008) provided a detailed review of the mechanisms of imprinting of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome (OMIM ) region.See also the chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (OMIM ), which shows overlapping clinical features.

PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME; PWS Is also known as prader-labhart-willi syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary DNA repair disorder characterized by progressive pancytopenia with bone marrow failure, variable congenital malformations and predisposition to develop hematological or solid tumors.

FANCONI ANEMIA Is also known as fanconi pancytopenia|fanconi anemia|fa

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a RASopathy characterized by craniofacial dysmorphology, congenital heart disease, dermatological abnormalities (most commonly hyperkeratotic skin and sparse, curly hair), growth retardation and intellectual disability.

CARDIOFACIOCUTANEOUS SYNDROME Is also known as cfcs|cfc syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Jacobsen syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) contiguous gene syndrome caused by partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11.

JACOBSEN SYNDROME Is also known as monosomy 11qter|del(11)(q23.3)|distal deletion 11q|telomeric deletion 11q|distal monosomy 11q|del(11)(qter)|chromosome 11q deletion syndrome|partial 11q monosomy syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN