Leukemia, and Ascites

Mastocytosis, or mast cell disease, is a heterogeneous group of clinical disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of mast cells in various tissues, especially in the skin and hematopoietic organs. Mastocytosis usually appears in infancy or early adulthood. In most pediatric cases, the disease is limited to the skin, but it can be associated with systemic symptoms due to the release of mediators from mast cells, even when there is no systemic infiltration. It usually has a good prognosis, with substantial improvement or spontaneous resolution before puberty. In rare cases, the disease may remain active through adolescence as a systemic adult mastocytosis. Cutaneous mastocytosis is characterized by macules, papules, nodules, or diffuse infiltration of the skin, often associated with localized hyperpigmentation. Gentle rubbing of the lesions induces histamine release from mechanically activated mast cells, causing local wheals, erythema, and often pruritus, a phenomenon termed the 'Darier sign.' In contrast to childhood-onset mastocytosis, adult-onset mastocytosis often persists for the lifetime of the patient and is also more likely to be a severe and systemic disease involving numerous organs. In some cases, it is associated with a clonal hematologic non-mast-cell lineage disease, such as a myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative disorder. Adult-onset mastocytosis can also lead to the rare mast cell leukemia, which carries a high risk of mortality (summary by Bodemer et al., 2010 and Kambe et al., 2010).

MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS; MASTC Is also known as mastocytosis, maculopapular cutaneous|mastocytosis, diffuse cutaneous|urticaria pigmentosa

• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a congenital localized or generalized vascular anomaly characterized by a persistent cutis marmorata pattern with a marbled bluish to deep purple appearance, spider nevus-like telangiectasia, phlebectasia and, occasionally, ulceration and atrophy of the affected skin.

CUTIS MARMORATA TELANGIECTATICA CONGENITA Is also known as megalencephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|cmtc|mcmtc|megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome|macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|mcm|macrocephaly-capillary malformation

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly characterized by multiple mosaic aneuploidies that leads to a variety of phenotypic abnormalities and cancer predisposition.

MOSAIC VARIEGATED ANEUPLOIDY SYNDROME Is also known as warburton-anyane-yeboa syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Adams-Oliver Syndrome (AOS) is a rare disorder characterized by the combination of congenital limb abnormalities and scalp defects, often accompanied by skull ossification defects.

ADAMS-OLIVER SYNDROME Is also known as aplasia cutis congenita with terminal transverse limb defects|congenital scalp defects with distal limb reduction anomalies|congenital scalp defects with distal limb anomalies|aos|absence defect of limbs, scalp, and skull|limb, scalp and skull defects

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Noonan syndrome-like disorder with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a rare, genetic, polymalformative syndrome with increased risk of developing cancer characterized by a Noonan-like phenotype, including typical dysmorphic facial features (i.e. high forehead, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, low-set ears, prominent philtrum and short neck with or without pterygium colli), thoracic abnormalities, congenital heart defects and short stature, associated with a very frequent ocurrence of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Developmental delay, ectodermal anomalies, joint laxity, and hypotonia may also be associated.

NOONAN SYNDROME-LIKE DISORDER WITH JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Is also known as cbl mutation-associated syndrome|noonan syndrome-like disorder with jmml|cbl syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Lymphoproliferative syndrome-2, also known as CD27 deficiency, is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder associated with persistent symptomatic EBV viremia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and impairment in specific antibody function resulting from impaired T cell-dependent B-cell responses and T-cell dysfunction (summary by van Montfrans et al., 2012). The phenotype can vary significantly, from asymptomatic borderline-low hypogammaglobulinemia, to a full-blown symptomatic systemic inflammatory response with life-threatening EBV-related complications, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a lymphoproliferative disorder, and malignant lymphoma requiring stem cell transplantation (summary by Salzer et al., 2013).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphoproliferative syndrome, see XLP1 (OMIM ).

LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE SYNDROME 2; LPFS2 Is also known as cd27 deficiency

• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever
• Splenomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Ovarian cancer, the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, is characterized by advanced presentation with loco-regional dissemination in the peritoneal cavity and the rare incidence of visceral metastases (Chi et al., 2001). These typical features relate to the biology of the disease, which is a principal determinant of outcome (Auersperg et al., 2001). Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common form and encompasses 5 major histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Epithelial ovarian cancer arises as a result of genetic alterations sustained by the ovarian surface epithelium (Stany et al., 2008; Soslow, 2008).

• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Respiratory distress
• Vomiting

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Lymphoproliferative syndrome-1 is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by onset in early childhood of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated immune dysregulation, manifest as lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Hodgkin disease, and/or hypogammaglobulinemia. Autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia or renal disease, may also occur. Patients show a high EBV viral load and decreased invariant natural killer T cells. It is unknown whether patients with ITK mutations are intrinsically susceptible to development of lymphoma or dysgammaglobulinemia in the absence of EBV infection (summary by Stepensky et al., 2011; Linka et al., 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphoproliferative syndrome, see XLP1 (OMIM ).

• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever
• Splenomegaly
• Immunodeficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) is an immune complex-mediated small vessel vasculitis characterized by urticaria and hypocomplementemia (low C1q with or without low C3 and C4), and usually associated with circulating anti-C1q autoantibodies. Arthritis, pulmonary disease, ocular inflammation, and glomerulonephritis are common systemic manifestations.

HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIC URTICARIAL VASCULITIS Is also known as mac duffie syndrome|mac duffie hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis|anti-c1q vasculitis|mcduffie hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis|mcduffie syndrome

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Pain
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare type of leukemia in which abnormal B-lymphocytes are present in the bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood. It is a slowly progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The name comes from the abnormally shaped lymphocytes with hair-like projections.

CLASSIC HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA Is also known as leukemic reticuloendotheliosis|hcl-c

• Neoplasm
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Splenomegaly
• Weight loss

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN