Intellectual disability, severe, and Short palm

Cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome (CAMRQ) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by congenital cerebellar ataxia and mental retardation (summary by Gulsuner et al., 2011).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CAMRQ, see CAMRQ1 (OMIM ).

CEREBELLAR ATAXIA, MENTAL RETARDATION, AND DYSEQUILIBRIUM SYNDROME 2; CAMRQ2 Is also known as cerebellar ataxia and mental retardation with or without quadrupedal locomotion 2

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-2 is an X-linked dominant severe neurologic disorder characterized by onset of seizures in the first months of life and severe global developmental delay resulting in mental retardation and poor motor control. Other features include lack of speech development, subtle dysmorphic facial features, sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal problems, and stereotypic hand movements. There is some phenotypic overlap with Rett syndrome (OMIM ), but EIEE2 is considered to be a distinct entity (summary by Fehr et al., 2013).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EIEE, see EIEE1 (OMIM ).

CDKL5-RELATED EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY Is also known as issx2|cdkl5 deficiency disorder|infantile spasm syndrome, x-linked 2

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability due to JARID1C mutation is characterised by mild to severe intellectual deficit associated with variable clinical manifestations including spasticity, cryptorchidism, maxillary hypoplasia, alopecia areata, epilepsy, short stature, impaired speech and behavioural problems. To date, it has been described in less than 15 families. Transmission is X-linked recessive and the syndrome is caused by mutations in the JARID1C (SMCX) gene encoding a JmjC-domain protein with histone demethylase activity.

SYNDROMIC X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY DUE TO JARID1C MUTATION Is also known as mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic, jarid1c-related|mrxsj

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

The CDG (Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation) syndromes are a group of autosomal recessive disorders affecting glycoprotein synthesis. CDG syndrome type Ie is characterised by psychomotor delay, seizures, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism and microcephaly. Ocular anomalies are also very common.

DPM1-CDG Is also known as cdg1e|cdg syndrome type ie|congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1e|carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type ie|cdg-ie|congenital disorder of glycosylation type ie|cdgie|dol-p-mannosyltransferase deficiency|cdg ie

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

The newly described 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome includes severe intellectual deficit with pronounced speech delay, behavioral abnormalities including hyperactivity and inappropriate laughter, short stature and seizures.

2Q23.1 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as pseudo-angelman syndrome|del(2)(q23.1)|monosomy 2q23.1

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized in the neonatal period by orofacial weakness with impaired sucking and swallowing resulting in poor feeding necessitating medical intervention. Affected infants show a tendency to startle, with contractions of the facial muscles in response to tactile stimuli or during crying, trismus, abundant salivation, and opisthotonus. During the first year, most infants have spiking fevers. These features, referred to as 'Crisponi syndrome' in infancy, can result in early death without advanced care. After the first 2 years, the abnormal muscle contractions and fevers abate, and most patients show normal psychomotor development. From childhood onward, the most disabling symptoms stem from impaired thermoregulation and disabling abnormal sweating, which can be treated with clonidine. Patients have hyperhidrosis, mainly of the upper body, in response to cold temperatures, and sweat very little with heat. Other features include characteristic facial anomalies, such as round face, chubby cheeks, micrognathia, high-arched palate, low-set ears, and depressed nasal bridge, dental decay, camptodactyly, and progressive kyphoscoliosis (summary by Hahn et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Crisponi/Cold-Induced Sweating SyndromeCrisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome-2 (CISS2 ), which is clinically indistinguishable from CISS1, is caused by mutation in the CLCF1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q13. CISS3 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the KLHL7 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7p15.

CRISPONI/COLD-INDUCED SWEATING SYNDROME 1; CISS1 Is also known as crisponi syndrome|sohar-crisponi syndrome|muscle contractions, tetanoform, with characteristic face, camptodactyly, hyperthermia, and sudden death

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Scoliosis
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) belongs to the group of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. Cardinal features of MSS are cerebellar ataxia, congenital cataract, and delayed psychomotor development.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

This syndrome is characterized by the association of intellectual deficit, congenital cataract, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

CATARACT-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-HYPOGONADISM SYNDROME Is also known as martsolf syndrome|cataract-mental retardation-hypogonadism

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Genitopatellar syndrome is a rare congenital patellar anomaly syndrome characterized by patellar aplasia or hypoplasia associated with microcephaly, characteristic coarse facial features (microcephaly, bitemporal narrowing, large, broad nose with high nasal bridge, prominent cheeks and micro/retrognathia or prognathism), arthrogryposis of the hips and knees, urogenital abnormalities and intellectual deficiency.

GENITOPATELLAR SYNDROME Is also known as absent patellae-scrotal hypoplasia-renal anomalies-facial dysmorphism-intellectual disability syndrome|absent patellae, scrotal hypoplasia, renal anomalies, facial dysmorphism, and mental retardation

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Intellectual disability-sparse hair-brachydactyly syndrome is a very rare condition of unknown etiology consisting of short stature, hypotrichosis, brachydactyly with cone-shaped epiphyses, epilepsy and severe mental delay. After the initial delineation of this syndrome by Nicolaides and Baraitser in 1993, only five more patients were published in the literature up to now.

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-SPARSE HAIR-BRACHYDACTYLY SYNDROME Is also known as sparse hair and mental retardation|nbs|nicolaides-baraitser syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN