Intellectual disability, and Rigidity

This syndrome is characterised by myoclonic epilepsy with generalised spasticity and intellectual deficit. It has been described in six males from two generations of one family. Transmission appears to be X-linked recessive and the syndrome is caused by mutations in the aristaless-related homeobox gene (ARX, Xp22.13).

• Intellectual disability
• Spasticity
• Hypertonia
• Rigidity
• Status epilepticus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Parkinson disease-17 is an autosomal dominant, adult-onset form of the disorder. It is phenotypically similar to idiopathic Parkinson disease (summary by Wider et al., 2008).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Parkinson disease (PD), see {168600}.

• Intellectual disability
• Tremor
• Dystonia
• Hyperhidrosis
• Rigidity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

WOOLLY HAIR, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 3; ARWH3 Is also known as woolly hair, autosomal recessive 3, with hypotrichosis

• Intellectual disability
• Diarrhea
• Immunodeficiency
• Hyperhidrosis
• Rigidity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Tremor

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a rare syndrome characterized by infantile onset of episodic hemi-or quadriplegia. Most cases are accompanied by dystonic posturing, choreoathetoid movements, abnormal ocular movements, developmental delay, and progressive cognitive impairment (summary by Heinzen et al., 2012).For discussion of genetic heterogeneity of alternating hemiplegia of childhood, see AHC1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

DEDSM is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, variable intellectual disability, and early-onset seizures with a myoclonic component. Most patients have delayed motor development and show abnormal movements, including ataxia, dystonia, and tremor (summary by Hamdan et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-37 is an autosomal recessive severe epileptic-dyskinetic disorder characterized by onset of intractable seizures or abnormal movements in the first years of life. Affected individuals show global developmental delay and/or developmental regression after onset of seizures. Patients also show a hyperkinetic movement disorder with choreoathetosis, spasticity, and rigidity. The individuals are severely affected, with mental retardation, absent speech, and impaired volitional movements (summary by Madeo et al., 2016).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EIEE, see EIEE1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 21 (SCA21) is a very rare subtype of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type I; see this term). It is characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, mild cognitive impairment, postural and/or resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 21 Is also known as sca21

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual deficit is a basal ganglia disorder characterised by parkinsonian-type symptoms (postural changes, tremor, rigidity), megalencephaly and variable intellectual deficit. Other signs are frontal bossing, persistent frontal lobe reflexes, strabismus and seizures. It has been described in three generations of one family. Transmission is X-linked, and the gene is located on chromosomal region Xq27.3-qter.

EARLY-ONSET PARKINSONISM-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME Is also known as basal ganglion disorder with mental retardation|bgmr|waisman syndrome|parkinsonism, early-onset, with mental retardation|laxova-opitz syndrome|wsn

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Strabismus
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Schizophrenia is a psychosis, a disorder of thought and sense of self. Although it affects emotions, it is distinguished from mood disorders in which such disturbances are primary. Similarly, there may be mild impairment of cognitive function, and it is distinguished from the dementias in which disturbed cognitive function is considered primary. There is no characteristic pathology, such as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease (OMIM ). Schizophrenia is a common disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1%. It is highly heritable but the genetics are complex. This may not be a single entity.Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (see {125480}) are generally considered to be separate entities, but patients who exhibit multiple symptoms of both disorders are often given the hybrid diagnosis schizoaffective disorder (Blacker and Tsuang, 1992). Genetic Heterogeneity of Schizophrenia with or without an Affective DisorderSCZD4 (OMIM ) is associated with variation in the PRODH gene (OMIM ); SCZD9 (OMIM ) with variation in the DISC1 gene (OMIM ); SCZD15 (OMIM ) with variation in the SHANK3 gene (OMIM ); SCZD16 (OMIM ) with a chromosome duplication involving the VIPR2 gene (OMIM ); SCZD17 (see {614332}) with variation in the NRXN1 gene (OMIM ); SCZD18 (OMIM ) with variation in the SLC1A1 gene (OMIM ); and SCZD19 (OMIM ) with variation in the RBM12 gene (OMIM ).For associations pending confirmation, see MAPPING and MOLECULAR GENETICS.

SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCZD Is also known as schizophrenia with or without an affective disorder

• Intellectual disability
• Microcephaly
• Behavioral abnormality
• Depressivity
• Dementia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN