Intellectual disability, and Retinal detachment

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Nystagmus
• Visual impairment
• Microphthalmia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Uveal coloboma-cleft lip and palate-intellectual disability is characterised by coloboma of the iris, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and intellectual deficiency of varying degree. A wide variability in clinical expression is observed. Some patients also present with microphthalmia, cataract, glaucoma, ptosis, sensorineural hearing loss and haematuria. To date, 12 cases have been described from three generations of a single family. Transmission is autosomal dominant.

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate
• Cataract
• Myopia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-10 is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset in the teenage or young adult years of gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus associated with marked cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging (summary by Vermeer et al., 2010). Some patients have low levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in muscle and may show some clinical improvement with CoQ10 treatment (Balreira et al., 2014).

ADULT-ONSET AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CEREBELLAR ATAXIA Is also known as scar10|autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 10

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Cataract

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is characterized by the association in male patients of congenital cataracts with microcornea, dental anomalies and facial dysmorphism.

NANCE-HORAN SYNDROME Is also known as cataract-dental syndrome|mesiodens-cataract syndrome|cataract, x-linked, with hutchinsonian teeth

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Cataract

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies (type A), which includes both the more severe Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) and the slightly less severe muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB), is an autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic brain and eye malformations, profound mental retardation, congenital muscular dystrophy, and death usually in the first years of life. It represents the most severe end of a phenotypic spectrum of similar disorders resulting from defective glycosylation of DAG1 (OMIM ), collectively known as 'dystroglycanopathies' (Beltran-Valero de Bernabe et al., 2004).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A, see MDDGA1 (OMIM ).

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES), TYPE A, 5; MDDGA5 Is also known as walker-warburg syndrome or muscle-eye-brain disease, fkrp-related

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Cataract
• Feeding difficulties

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Colobomatous microphthalmia-rhizomelic dysplasia syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by a range of developmental eye anomalies (including anophthalmia, microphthalmia, colobomas, microcornea, corectopia, cataract) and symmetric limb rhizomelia with short stature and contractures of large joints. Intellectual disability with autistic features, macrocephaly, dysmorphic features, urogenital anomalies (hypospadia, cryptorchidism), cutaneous syndactyly and precocious puberty may also be present.

COLOBOMATOUS MICROPHTHALMIA-RHIZOMELIC DYSPLASIA SYNDROME Is also known as microphthalmia or coloboma with or without rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia|microphthalmia, syndromic 14|microphthalmia-coloboma-rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia|mcops14

• Intellectual disability
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cataract

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies (type A), which includes both the more severe Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) and the slightly less severe muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB), is an autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic brain and eye malformations, profound mental retardation, congenital muscular dystrophy, and death usually in the first years of life. It represents the most severe end of a phenotypic spectrum of similar disorders resulting from defective glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1 ), collectively known as 'dystroglycanopathies' (summary by Roscioli et al., 2012).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A, see MDDGA1 (OMIM ).

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES), TYPE A, 7; MDDGA7 Is also known as walker-warburg syndrome or muscle-eye-brain disease, ispd-related

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Cataract
• Low-set ears
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive chorioretinopathy-microcephaly syndrome is a rare neuro-opthalmological disease characterized by severe microcephaly of prenatal onset (with diminutive anterior fontanelle and sutural ridging), growth retardation, global developmental delay and intellectual disability (ranging from mild to profound), dysmorphic features (sloping forehead, micro/retrognathia, prominent ears) and visual impairments (including microphthalmia to anophtalmia, generalized retinopathy or multiple punched-out retinal lesions, retinal folds with retinal detachment, optic nerve hypoplasia, strabismus, nystagmus). Brain MRI may show reduced cortical size, cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, pachygyria, symplified gyral folding or normal pattern. Other associated features include epilepsy and neurological deficits.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CHORIORETINOPATHY-MICROCEPHALY SYNDROME Is also known as autosomal recessive chorioretinopathy-microcephaly-intellectual disability syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia congenita, Strudwick type is characterized by disproportionate short stature from birth (with a very short trunk and shortened limbs) and skeletal abnormalities (lordosis, scoliosis, flattened vertebrae, pectus carinatum, coxa vara, clubfoot, and abnormal epiphyses or metaphyses).

SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA CONGENITA, STRUDWICK TYPE Is also known as spondylometaphyseal dysplasia|semd, strudwick type|smed, type i|spondylometaepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, strudwick type|semdc|smd|smed, strudwick type|strudwick syndrome|dappled metaphysis syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN