Intellectual disability, and Finger syndactyly

Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM) is a limb malformation involving the central rays of the autopod and presenting with syndactyly, median clefts of the hands and feet, and aplasia and/or hypoplasia of the phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals. Some patients with SHFM have been found to have mental retardation, ectodermal and craniofacial findings, and orofacial clefting (Elliott and Evans, 2006).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of split-hand/foot malformations, see SHFM1 (OMIM ).

SPLIT-HAND/FOOT MALFORMATION 6; SHFM6 Is also known as ectrodactyly, autosomal recessive

• Intellectual disability
• Syndactyly
• Finger syndactyly
• Toe syndactyly
• Split hand

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

BBS4 is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized primarily by retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, and renal dysfunction that accounts for less than 3% of BBS (Katsanis et al., 2002). Anosmia has been described in patients with BBS4 (Iannaccone et al., 2005), as well as polydactyly confined to the hands (Carmi et al., 1995).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Cryptorchidism
• Cognitive impairment
• Brachydactyly
• Blindness

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Paris-Trousseau thrombocytopenia (TCPT) is a contiguous gene syndrome characterized by mild bleeding tendency, variable thrombocytopenia (THC), dysmorphic facies, abnormal giant alpha-granules in platelets and dysmegakaryopoiesis.

PARIS-TROUSSEAU THROMBOCYTOPENIA Is also known as chromosome 11q23 deletion syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Grange syndrome is characterised by stenosis or occlusion of multiple arteries (including the renal, cerebral and abdominal vessels), hypertension, brachysyndactyly, syndactyly, increased bone fragility, and learning difficulties or borderline intellectual deficit. Congenital heart defects were also reported in some cases.

GRANGE SYNDROME Is also known as arterial occlusive disease, progressive, with hypertension, heart defects, bone fragility, and brachysyndactyly|grange occlusive arterial syndrome|progressive arterial occlusive disease-hypertension-heart defects-bone fragility-brachysyndactyly syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive
• Abnormal facial shape
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome is a very rare, genetic developmental disorder presenting in the neonatal period characterized by genitourinary malformations, polydactyly, and more rarely, congenital heart disease or gastrointestinal malformations.

MCKUSICK-KAUFMAN SYNDROME Is also known as kaufman-mckusick syndrome|hydrometrocolpos-postaxial polydactyly syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Failure to thrive
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Waardenburg syndrome type 3 (WS3) is a very rare subtype of Waardenburg syndrome (WS; see this term) that is characterized by limb anomalies in association with congenital hearing loss, minor defects in structures arising from neural crest, resulting in pigmentation anomalies of eyes, hair, and skin.

WAARDENBURG SYNDROME TYPE 3 Is also known as klein-waardenburg syndrome|waardenburg syndrome with limb anomalies|waardenburg syndrome type iii|ws3

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Downslanted palpebral fissures
• Atrial septal defect

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Monosomy 5p, also known as Cri du chat syndrome, is a rare autosomal deletion syndrome characterized by a mewing cry (cri du chat) in infancy, multiple congenital anomalies, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism.

MONOSOMY 5P Is also known as cri du chat syndrome|deletion 5p

• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Laurence-Moon syndrome (LMS) is a very rare genetic multisystemic disorder characterized by pituitary dysfunction, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, spastic paraplegia, and chorioretinal dystrophy.

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria syndrome (MCAP) is a polymalfomative syndrome characterized by cutaneous capillary malformations, megalencephaly, cortical brain malformations (most distinctively polymicrogyria), abnormalities of somatic growth with body and brain asymmetry, developmental delay, and characteristic facial dysmorphism.

MEGALENCEPHALY-CAPILLARY MALFORMATION-POLYMICROGYRIA SYNDROME Is also known as megalencephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome|macrocephaly-capillary malformation syndrome|mcmtc|mcap|megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome|macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome|mcm

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy with multisystem involvement.

BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME Is also known as bbs

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN