Immunodeficiency, and Renal agenesis

Fraser syndrome is an autosomal recessive malformation disorder characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and abnormalities of the respiratory and urogenital tract (summary by van Haelst et al., 2008). Genetic Heterogeneity of Fraser SyndromeFraser syndrome-2 (FRASRS2) is caused by mutation in the FREM2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 13q13, and Fraser syndrome-3 (FRASRS3) is caused by mutation in the GRIP1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12q14.See Bowen syndrome (OMIM ) for a comparable but probably distinct syndrome of multiple congenital malformations.

FRASER SYNDROME 1; FRASRS1 Is also known as cryptophthalmos with other malformations|fraser syndrome|cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

ECTRODACTYLY, ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA, AND CLEFT LIP/PALATE SYNDROME 1; EEC1 Is also known as eec|eec syndrome 1

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome is a highly heterogeneous autosomal dominant complex congenital developmental disorder affecting multiple organ systems. The core phenotype includes delayed psychomotor development with variable intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and cardiac, genitourinary, and hematologic or lymphatic defects, including thrombocytopenia and lymphedema. Additional features may include abnormalities on brain imaging, skeletal anomalies, and recurrent infections. Some patients have a milder disease course reminiscent of Noonan syndrome (see, e.g., NS1, {163950}) (summary by Martinelli et al., 2018).

MACROTHROMBOCYTOPENIA-LYMPHEDEMA-DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY-FACIAL DYSMORPHISM-CAMPTODACTYLY SYNDROME Is also known as takenouchi-kosaki syndrome|macrothrombocytopenia and mental retardation syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

The proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly characterized by developmental and language delays, mild intellectual disability, social impairments (autism spectrum disorders), mild variable dysmorphism and predisposition to obesity.

PROXIMAL 16P11.2 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as proximal del(16)(p11.2)|proximal monosomy 16p11.2

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

In patients with SSMED, short stature and microcephaly are apparent at birth, and there is progressive postnatal growth failure. Endocrine dysfunction, including hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, multinodular goiter, and diabetes mellitus, is present in affected adults. Progressive ataxia has been reported in some patients, with onset ranging from the second to fifth decade of life. In addition, a few patients have developed tumors, suggesting that there may be a predisposition to tumorigenesis. In contrast to syndromes involving defects in other components of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) complex (see, e.g., {606593}), no clinically overt immunodeficiency has been observed in SSMED, although laboratory analysis has revealed lymphopenia or borderline leukopenia in some patients (Murray et al., 2015; Bee et al., 2015; de Bruin et al., 2015; Guo et al., 2015).

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Ichthyosis follicularis - alopecia - photophobia (IFAP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the triad of ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia from birth.

ICHTHYOSIS FOLLICULARIS-ALOPECIA-PHOTOPHOBIA SYNDROME Is also known as ichthyosis follicularis-atrichia-photophobia syndrome|ifap syndrome|ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia, and photophobia with or without brain anomalies, retardation, ectodermal dysplasia, skeletal malformations, hirschsprung disease, ear/eye anomalies, cle

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Cranio-cerebello-cardiac (3C) syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by craniofacial (prominent occiput and forehead, hypertelorism, ocular coloboma, cleft palate), cerebellar (Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia) and cardiac (tetralogy of Fallot, atrial and ventricular septal defects) anomalies (see these terms).

3C SYNDROME Is also known as dandy-walker-like malformation with atrioventricular septal defect|craniocerebellocardiac dysplasia|3c syndrome|ritscher-schinzel syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME Is also known as chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome|shprintzen vcf syndrome|vcf syndrome|vcfs

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises hypocalcemia arising from parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, and outflow tract defects of the heart. Disturbance of cervical neural crest migration into the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches and pouches can account for the phenotype. Most cases result from a deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 (the DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region, or DGCR). Several genes are lost including the putative transcription factor TUPLE1 which is expressed in the appropriate distribution. This deletion may present with a variety of phenotypes: Shprintzen, or velocardiofacial, syndrome (VCFS ); conotruncal anomaly face (or Takao syndrome); and isolated outflow tract defects of the heart including tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and interrupted aortic arch. A collective acronym CATCH22 has been proposed for these differing presentations. A small number of cases of DGS have defects in other chromosomes, notably 10p13 (see {601362}). In the mouse, a transgenic Hox A3 (Hox 1.5) knockout produces a phenotype similar to DGS as do the teratogens retinoic acid and alcohol.

DIGEORGE SYNDROME; DGS Is also known as hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroids|chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome|third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

CHARGE syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by the variable combination of multiple anomalies, mainly Coloboma; Choanal atresia/stenosis; Cranial nerve dysfunction; Characteristic ear anomalies (known as the major 4 C's).

CHARGE SYNDROME Is also known as charge association--coloboma, heart anomaly, choanal atresia, retardation, genital and ear anomalies|hhs|charge association|coloboma-heart defects-atresia choanae-retardation of growth and development-genitourinary problems-ear abnormalities syndrome|hall

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN