Immunodeficiency, and Jaundice

Immunodeficiency-47 is an X-linked recessive complex immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, liver dysfunction, and defective glycosylation of serum proteins. Some patients may also have neurologic abnormalities (summary by Jansen et al., 2016).

IMMUNODEFICIENCY 47; IMD47 Is also known as immunodeficiency and hepatopathy with or without neurologic features

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

A rare, autosomal recessive genetic syndrome caused by mutations in the RAB27A gene. It is characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes, recurrent infections, neutropenia, and immune system abnormalities. Patients are prone to develop hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

GRISCELLI SYNDROME TYPE 2 Is also known as hypopigmentation-immunodeficiency with or without neurologic impairment syndrome|griscelli-pruniÉras syndrome type 2

• Seizures
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever
• Hypertonia
• Splenomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Zur Stadt et al. (2005) summarized the clinical features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by massive infiltration of several organs by activated lymphocytes and macrophages. The clinical features of the disease include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, and less frequently central nervous system involvement. In FHL, the familial form of the disease, first episodes occur mostly during infancy, with a rapidly fatal outcome if untreated. Diagnostic criteria also include low fibrinogen and high triglyceride and ferritin levels. Chemoimmunotherapy based on corticosteroids, epipodophyllotoxins, and cyclosporin succeeds in controlling the disease in the majority of patients, although remission is rarely obtained (Henter et al., 2002). Most patients suffer an early death unless they are treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Durken et al., 1999). Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Hemophagocytic LymphohistiocytosisFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis exhibits genetic heterogeneity. In some families, familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis has been found to be linked to chromosome 9q (HPLH1, FHL1). FHL2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PRF1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 10q22; FHL3 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the UNC13D gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q25; FHL4 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the syntaxin-11 gene (STX11 ) on chromosome 6q24; and FHL5 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the syntaxin-binding protein-2 (STXBP2 ), which is an interaction partner of STX11, on chromosome 19p13.Furthermore, before the identification of mutations in the RAG1 (OMIM ) and RAG2 (OMIM ) genes, both of which map to 11p, Omenn syndrome (familial reticuloendotheliosis with eosinophilia; {603554}) was not thought to be clearly distinct from other reported cases of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS, FAMILIAL, 1; FHL1 Is also known as hemophagocytic reticulosis, familial|hlh1|hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial|erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial|reticulosis, familial histiocytic|hplh1|fhl|fhlh|hplh|fel

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

GRISCELLI SYNDROME, TYPE 2; GS2 Is also known as partial albinism and immunodeficiency syndrome|griscelli syndrome with hemophagocytic syndrome|paid syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Syndromic diarrhea (SD), or tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome (THE), is a severe congenital enteropathy manifesting as intractable diarrhea in the first month of life with failure to thrive and associated with facial dysmorphism, hair abnormalities, and, in some cases, immune disorders and intrauterine growth restriction.

SYNDROMIC DIARRHEA Is also known as trichohepatoenteric syndrome|tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome|diarrhea, fatal infantile, with trichorrhexis nodosa|sd/the|the syndrome|phenotypic diarrhea|diarrhea, syndromic|syndromic diarrhea/tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare severe genetic disorder generally characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism (OCA, see this term), severe immunodeficiency, mild bleeding, neurological dysfunction and lymphoproliferative disorder. A classic, early-onset form and an attenuated, later-onset form (Atypical CHS; see this term) have been described.

CHÉDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME Is also known as chÉdiak-higashi-steinbrink syndrome|chÉdiak-higashi disease

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Kabuki syndrome is a congenital mental retardation syndrome with additional features, including postnatal dwarfism, a peculiar facies characterized by long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids (reminiscent of the make-up of actors of Kabuki, a Japanese traditional theatrical form), a broad and depressed nasal tip, large prominent earlobes, a cleft or high-arched palate, scoliosis, short fifth finger, persistence of fingerpads, radiographic abnormalities of the vertebrae, hands, and hip joints, and recurrent otitis media in infancy (Niikawa et al., 1981). Genetic HeterogeneityKabuki syndrome-2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the KDM6A gene (OMIM ) on chromosome Xp11.3.

KABUKI SYNDROME 1; KABUK1 Is also known as kabuki syndrome|kabuki make-up syndrome|kms|niikawa-kuroki syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY, X-LINKED; SCIDX1 Is also known as xscid|severe combined immunodeficiency, x-linked, t cell-negative, b cell-positive, nk cell-negative|imd4|scidx|immunodeficiency 4|scid, x-linked

• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Hepatomegaly
• Diarrhea
• Immunodeficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

SHPK deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by increased urinary erythritol and sedoheptulose. Additional phenotypic consequences of this deficiency are unclear (summary by Wamelink et al., 2015).

ISOLATED SEDOHEPTULOKINASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as isolated shpk deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

CDG2L is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder apparent from birth or early infancy. It is characterized by poor growth, gastrointestinal and liver abnormalities, delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia, recurrent infections, hematologic abnormalities, increased bleeding tendency, and hyperhidrosis or hyperkeratosis. More variable features include nonspecific dysmorphic facial features and cardiac septal defects. The disorder often results in death in infancy or the first years of life (summary by Rymen et al., 2015).For a general discussion of CDGs, see CDG1A (OMIM ) and CDG2A (OMIM ).

COG6-CGD Is also known as congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2l|cdg syndrome type iil|cdg-iil|cdg2l|congenital disorder of glycosylation type iil|cdgiil|cdg iil

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN