Immunodeficiency, and Hypotension

X-linked cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (X-CALD), a subtype of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD, see this term), is a peroxisomal disease characterized by severe inflammatory demyelination in the brain, and often associated with adrenal insufficiency.

X-LINKED CEREBRAL ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY Is also known as siemerling-creutzfeldt disease|addison disease and cerebral sclerosis|bronze schilder disease|melanodermic leukodystrophy

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Spasticity
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is an endogenous form of adrenal Cushing syndrome characterized by multiple bilateral adrenocortical nodules that cause a striking enlargement of the adrenal glands. Although some familial cases have been reported, the vast majority of AIMAH cases are sporadic. Patients typically present in the fifth and sixth decades of life, approximately 10 years later than most patients with other causes of Cushing syndrome (Swain et al., 1998; Christopoulos et al., 2005).Approximately 10 to 15% of adrenal Cushing syndrome is due to primary bilateral ACTH-independent adrenocortical pathology. The 2 main subtypes are AIMAH and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD, see {610489}), which is often a component of the Carney complex (OMIM ) and associated with mutations in the PRKAR1A gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q23-q24. AIMAH is rare, representing less than 1% of endogenous causes of Cushing syndrome (Swain et al., 1998; Christopoulos et al., 2005).See also ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (OMIM ) due to somatic mutation in the PRKACA gene (OMIM ).Cushing 'disease' (OMIM ) is an ACTH-dependent disorder caused in most cases by pituitary adenomas that secrete excessive ACTH. Genetic Heterogeneity of ACTH-Independent Macronodular Adrenal HyperplasiaAIMAH2 (OMIM ) is caused by germline mutation of 1 allele of the ARMC5 gene (OMIM ) coupled with a somatic mutation in the other allele.

ACTH-INDEPENDENT MACRONODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; AIMAH1 Is also known as acth-independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia|cushing syndrome, adrenal, due to aimah|corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia|adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia

• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Cataract
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

COMPLEMENT COMPONENT 2 DEFICIENCY; C2D Is also known as c2 deficiency

• Hypertension
• Renal insufficiency
• Immunodeficiency
• Recurrent infections
• Arthralgia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8)-induced endothelial inflammatory neoplasm that develops is various clinically distinct settings, manifesting mostly as cutaneous lesions, or mucosal or visceral involvement.

KAPOSI SARCOMA Is also known as multiple idiopathic pigmented hemangiosarcoma, susceptibility to

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Edema

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Monocytopenia with susceptibility to infections is a rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by profound circulating monocytopenia, B- and NK-cell lymphopenia and severe dentritic cell decrease, which manifests clinically with disseminated mycobacterial and viral infections, as well as opportunistic fungal and parasitic infections and frequent pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Predisposition to developping myeloid neoplasms is associated.

MONOCYTOPENIA WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTIONS Is also known as dendritic cell, monocyte, b and nk lymphoid deficiency|dcml|dendritic cell, monocyte, b lymphocyte, and natural killer lymphocyte deficiency|monocytopenia with susceptibility to mycobacterial, fungal, and papillomavirus infections and myelodysplasia|monoc

• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Immunodeficiency

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Combined immunodeficiency and megaloblastic anemia with or without hyperhomocysteinemia is an inborn error of folate metabolism due to deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-1. Manifestations may include hemolytic uremic syndrome, macrocytosis, epilepsy, hearing loss, retinopathy, mild mental retardation, lymphopenia involving all subsets, and low T-cell receptor excision circles. Folinic acid supplementation is an effective treatment (summary by Ramakrishnan et al., 2016).

COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; CIMAH Is also known as methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Acquired partial lipodystrophy, or Barraquer-Simons syndrome, is characterised by the association of lipoatrophy of the upper part of the body and lipohypertrophy of the thighs.

ACQUIRED PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY Is also known as apld, susceptibility to|progressive cephalothoracic lipodystrophy|barraquer-simons syndrome|lipodystrophy, cephalothoracic type|lipodystrophy, partial, progressive

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertension
• Myopathy

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Some ectodermal dysplasias are here classified as congenital disorders characterized by abnormal development in 2 or more ectodermal structures (hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands) without other systemic findings.Hypohidrotic, or anhidrotic, ectodermal dysplasia (HED/EDA) is characterized by a triad of signs comprising sparse hair (hypotrichosis), abnormal or missing teeth (anodontia or hypodontia), and inability to sweat (anhidrosis or hypohidrosis). Typical clinical manifestations also include dryness of the skin, eyes, airways, and mucous membranes presumably due to the defective development of several exocrine glands. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia can be associated with dysmorphic features (forehead bumps, rings under the eyes, everted nose, and prominent lips) and occasionally with absent nipples. Ectodermal dysplasia-1, due to mutation in the EDA gene, is the most frequent form of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (summary by Cluzeau et al., 2011).

X-LINKED HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA Is also known as xhed|ectd1|cst syndrome|ed1|christ-siemens-touraine syndrome|eda1|eda|ectodermal dysplasia, anhidrotic, x-linked|ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic, 1|x-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia|hed1|xlhed|ectodermal dysplasia 1, hypohidrotic/hair/tooth type

• Intellectual disability
• Feeding difficulties
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Hypertension
• Fever

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Vasculitis due to ADA2 deficiency is a rare, genetic, systemic and rheumatologic disease due to adenosine deaminase-2 inactivating mutations, combining variable features of autoinflammation, vasculitis, and a mild immunodeficiency. Variable clinical presentation includes chronic or recurrent systemic inflammation with fever, livedo reticularis or racemosa, early-onset ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, peripheral neuropathy, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, portal hypertension, cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, variable cytopenia and immunoglobulin deficiency.

VASCULITIS DUE TO ADA2 DEFICIENCY Is also known as ada2 deficiency|vasculitis due to dada2

• Ataxia
• Pain
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cushing disease (CD) is the most common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS; see this term) and is due to pituitary chronic over-secretion of ACTH by a pituitary corticotroph adenoma.

CUSHING DISEASE Is also known as corticotroph pituitary adenoma|pituitary-dependent cushing syndrome|pituitary corticotroph micro-adenoma

• Failure to thrive
• Cataract
• Visual impairment
• Hypertension
• Fatigue

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN