Immunodeficiency, and Brachycephaly

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a significant hypogammaglobulinemia of unknown cause, failure to produce specific antibodies after immunizations and susceptibility to bacterial infections, predominantly caused by encapsulated bacteria.

COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY Is also known as primary antibody deficiency|cvid|antibody deficiency due to icos defect|idiopathic immunoglobulin deficiency|primary hypogammaglobulinemia

• Hepatomegaly
• Diarrhea
• Splenomegaly
• Immunodeficiency
• Recurrent infections

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

LIG4 syndrome is a hereditary disorder associated with impaired DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms and characterized by microcephaly, unusual facial features, growth and developmental delay, skin anomalies, and pancytopenia, which is associated with combined immunodeficiency (CID).

LIG4 SYNDROME Is also known as dna ligase iv deficiency|ligase 4 syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Mosaic variegated aneuploidy is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mosaic aneuploidies, predominantly trisomies and monosomies, involving multiple different chromosomes and tissues. The proportion of aneuploid cells varies but is usually more than 25% and is substantially greater than in normal individuals. Affected individuals typically present with severe intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly. Eye anomalies, mild dysmorphism, variable developmental delay, and a broad spectrum of additional congenital abnormalities and medical conditions may also occur. The risk of malignancy is high, with rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor, and leukemia reported in several cases (summary by Hanks et al., 2004). Genetic Heterogeneity of Mosaic Variegated Aneuploidy SyndromeSee also MVA2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CEP57 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q21, and MVA3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TRIP13 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 5p15.

MOSAIC VARIEGATED ANEUPLOIDY SYNDROME 1; MVA1 Is also known as mva syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Cranio-cerebello-cardiac (3C) syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by craniofacial (prominent occiput and forehead, hypertelorism, ocular coloboma, cleft palate), cerebellar (Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia) and cardiac (tetralogy of Fallot, atrial and ventricular septal defects) anomalies (see these terms).

3C SYNDROME Is also known as dandy-walker-like malformation with atrioventricular septal defect|craniocerebellocardiac dysplasia|3c syndrome|ritscher-schinzel syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a disease affecting the bone metaphyses causing small stature from birth.

CARTILAGE-HAIR HYPOPLASIA Is also known as autosomal recessive metaphyseal chondrodysplasia|metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, mckusick type

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Pilarowski-Bjornsson syndrome is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed development, intellectual disability, often with autistic features, speech apraxia, and mild dysmorphic features. Some patients may have seizures. The phenotype is somewhat variable (summary by Pilarowski et al., 2017).

PILAROWSKI-BJORNSSON SYNDROME; PILBOS Is also known as developmental delay and speech apraxia with or without seizures

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

A rare, genetic, neurological disease characterized by association of macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features and psychomotor delay leading to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Facial dysmorphism may include frontal bossing, hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, depressed nasal bridge, short nose, and long philtrum.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm
• Depressed nasal bridge

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Mutations in the NFKBIA gene result in functional impairment of NFKB1 (OMIM ), a master transcription factor required for normal activation of immune responses. Interruption of NFKB1 signaling results in decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and certain interferons, rendering patients susceptible to infection (McDonald et al., 2007).

• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Delayed speech and language development
• Frontal bossing
• Diarrhea

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

15q14 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by developmental delay, short stature and facial dysmorphism.

15Q14 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as del(15)(q14)|monosomy 15q14

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN