Hypertension, and Micropenis

Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is a rare urogenital disorder characterized by the association of diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS), male pseudohermaphroditism with a 46,XY karyotype, and nephroblastoma.

DENYS-DRASH SYNDROME Is also known as drash syndrome|wilms tumor-disorder of sex development syndrome|wilms tumor-dsd syndrome

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Edema
• Renal insufficiency
• Micropenis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL, DUE TO 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as adrenal hyperplasia v|17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

• Muscle weakness
• Cryptorchidism
• Hypertension
• Myopathy
• Headache

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Flexion contracture
• Hypertension
• Ventricular septal defect
• Atrial septal defect
• Short nose

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency is a very rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; see this term) characterized by glucocorticoid deficiency, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and severe hypokalemic hypertension.

CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as combined 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency|cah due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

• Short stature
• Failure to thrive
• Cryptorchidism
• Hypertension
• Hypospadias

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

DENYS-DRASH SYNDROME; DDS Is also known as nephropathy, wilms tumor, and genital anomalies|drash syndrome|wilms tumor and pseudo- or true hermaphroditism

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Neoplasm
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency is a unique form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; see this term) characterized by glucocorticoid deficiency, severe sexual ambiguity in both sexes and skeletal (especially craniofacial) malformations.

CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as disordered steroidogenesis due to por deficiency|congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome por deficiency|pord|adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase deficiency|por deficiency

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Cryptorchidism
• Low-set ears
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome is characterized by multiple exostoses, parietal foramina, enlargement of the anterior fontanelle and occasionally intellectual deficit and mild cranio-facial anomalies. To date, 23 individuals from 14 families have been reported. The syndrome is caused by contiguous gene deletions on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p11.2).

POTOCKI-SHAFFER SYNDROME Is also known as proximal 11p deletion syndrome|defect11 syndrome|pss|chromosome 11p11.2 deletion syndrome|11p11.2 deletion|p11pds

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive and genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, kidney dysfunction, polydactyly, behavioral dysfunction, and hypogonadism (summary by Beales et al., 1999). Eight proteins implicated in the disorder assemble to form the BBSome, a stable complex involved in signaling receptor trafficking to and from cilia (summary by Scheidecker et al., 2014). Genetic Heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl SyndromeBBS1 is caused by mutation in a gene on chromosome 11q13 (OMIM ); BBS2 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 16q13 (OMIM ); BBS3 (OMIM ), by mutation in the ARL6 gene on 3q11 (OMIM ); BBS4 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 15q22 (OMIM ); BBS5 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 2q31 (OMIM ); BBS6 (OMIM ), by the MKKS gene on 20p12 (OMIM ), mutations in which also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (OMIM ); BBS7 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (OMIM ); BBS8 (OMIM ), by mutation in the TTC8 gene on 14q32 (OMIM ); BBS9 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 7p14 (OMIM ); BBS10 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 12q (OMIM ); BBS11 (OMIM ), by mutation in the TRIM32 gene on 9q33 (OMIM ); BBS12 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (OMIM ); BBS13 (OMIM ), by mutation in the MKS1 gene (OMIM ) on 17q23, mutations in which also cause Meckel syndrome-1 (OMIM ); BBS14 (OMIM ), by mutation in the CEP290 gene (OMIM ) on 12q21, mutations in which also cause Meckel syndrome-4 (OMIM ) and several other disorders; BBS15 (OMIM ), by mutation in the C2ORF86 gene (OMIM ), which encodes a homolog of the Drosophila planar cell polarity gene 'fritz,' on 2p15; BBS16 (OMIM ), by mutation in the SDCCAG8 gene (OMIM ) on 1q43, mutations in which also cause Senior-Loken syndrome-7 (OMIM ); BBS17 (OMIM ), by mutation in the LZTFL1 gene (OMIM ) on 3p21; BBS18 (OMIM ), by mutation in the BBIP1 gene (OMIM ) on 10q25; BBS19 (OMIM ), by mutation in the IFT27 gene (OMIM ) on 22q12; BBS20 (OMIM ), by mutation in the IFT74 gene (OMIM ) on 9p21; and BBS21 (OMIM ), by mutation in the C8ORF37 gene (OMIM ).The CCDC28B gene (OMIM ) modifies the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes. Mutations in MKS1, MKS3 (TMEM67 ), and C2ORF86 also modify the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes.Although BBS had originally been thought to be a recessive disorder, Katsanis et al. (2001) demonstrated that clinical manifestation of some forms of Bardet-Biedl syndrome requires recessive mutations in 1 of the 6 loci plus an additional mutation in a second locus. While Katsanis et al. (2001) called this 'triallelic inheritance,' Burghes et al. (2001) suggested the term 'recessive inheritance with a modifier of penetrance.' Mykytyn et al. (2002) found no evidence of involvement of the common BBS1 mutation in triallelic inheritance. However, Fan et al. (2004) found heterozygosity in a mutation of the BBS3 gene ({608845.0002}) as an apparent modifier of the expression of homozygosity of the met390-to-arg mutation in the BBS1 gene ({209901.0001}).Allelic disorders include nonsyndromic forms of retinitis pigmentosa: RP51 (OMIM ), caused by TTC8 mutation, and RP55 (OMIM ), caused by ARL6 mutation.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

LEOPARD is an acronym for the manifestations of this syndrome as listed by Gorlin et al. (1969): multiple lentigines, electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonic stenosis, abnormal genitalia, retardation of growth, and sensorineural deafness. Genetic Heterogeneity of LEOPARD SyndromeLEOPARD syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also LEOPARD syndrome-2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RAF1 gene (OMIM ), and LEOPARD syndrome-3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the BRAF gene (OMIM ).

LEOPARD SYNDROME 1; LPRD1 Is also known as multiple lentigines syndrome|lentiginosis, cardiomyopathic

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

The proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly characterized by developmental and language delays, mild intellectual disability, social impairments (autism spectrum disorders), mild variable dysmorphism and predisposition to obesity.

PROXIMAL 16P11.2 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as proximal del(16)(p11.2)|proximal monosomy 16p11.2

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN