Hypertension, and Generalized muscle weakness

Autosomal dominant primary hypomagnesemia with hypocalciuria (ADPHH) is a mild form of familial primary hypomagnesemia (FPH, see this term), characterized by extreme weakness, tetany and convulsions. Secondary disturbances in calcium excretion are observed.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT PRIMARY HYPOMAGNESEMIA WITH HYPOCALCIURIA Is also known as isolated renal magnesium wasting|isolated autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia|magnesium wasting, renal|homg2|renal hypomagnesemia type 2|magnesium loss, isolated renal

• Seizures
• Hypertension
• Fatigue
• Renal insufficiency
• Muscle cramps

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL, DUE TO 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as adrenal hyperplasia v|17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

• Muscle weakness
• Cryptorchidism
• Hypertension
• Myopathy
• Headache

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Rigid spine syndrome (RSS) is a slowly progressive childhood-onset congenital muscular dystrophy (see this term) characterized by contractures of the spinal extensor muscles associated with abnormal posture (limitation of neck and trunk flexure), progressive scoliosis of the spine, early marked cervico-axial muscle weakness with relatively preserved strength and function of the extremities and progressive respiratory insufficiency.

RIGID SPINE SYNDROME Is also known as minicore myopathy, severe classic form|mdrs1|desmin-related myopathy with mallory bodies|multiminicore disease, severe classic form|myopathy, sepn1-related|rigid spine syndrome|muscular dystrophy, congenital, eichsfeld type|rigid spine congenital muscular

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).Patients with antenatal (or neonatal) forms of Bartter syndrome (e.g., BARTS1, {601678}) typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012). Genetic Heterogeneity of Bartter SyndromeAntenatal Bartter syndrome type 1 (OMIM ) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the butmetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2 (SLC12A1 ). Antenatal Bartter syndrome type 2 (OMIM ) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ATP-sensitive potassium channel ROMK (KCNJ1 ). One form of neonatal Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness, Bartter syndrome type 4A (OMIM ), is caused by mutation in the BSND gene (OMIM ). Another form of neonatal Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness, Bartter syndrome type 4B (OMIM ), is caused by simultaneous mutation in both the CLCNKA (602024) and CLCNKB (602023) genes.Also see autosomal dominant hypocalcemia-1 with Bartter syndrome (OMIM ), which is sometimes referred to as Bartter syndrome type 5 (Fremont and Chan, 2012), caused by mutation in the CASR gene (OMIM ).See Gitelman syndrome (GTLMN ), which is often referred to as a mild variant of Bartter syndrome, caused by mutation in the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter SLC12A3 (OMIM ).

BARTTER SYNDROME, TYPE 3; BARTS3 Is also known as bartter syndrome, classic

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubular salt-wasting disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. It is the most common renal tubular disorder among Caucasians (prevalence of 1 in 40,000). Most patients have onset of symptoms as adults, but some can present in childhood. Clinical features include transient periods of muscle weakness and tetany, abdominal pains, and chondrocalcinosis (summary by Glaudemans et al., 2012). Gitelman syndrome is sometimes referred to as a mild variant of classic Bartter syndrome (OMIM ).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see {607364}.

GITELMAN SYNDROME; GTLMNS Is also known as hypomagnesemia-hypokalemia, primary renotubular, with hypocalciuria|potassium and magnesium depletion

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

GM1 gangliosidosis type 2 is a clinically variable, infancy or childhood-onset form of GM1 gangliosidosis (see this term) characterized by normal early development and psychomotor regression between seven months and three years of age.

GM1 GANGLIOSIDOSIS TYPE 2 Is also known as late-infantile gm1 gangliosidosis|gangliosidosis, generalized gm1, type ii|juvenile gm1 gangliosidosis|gangliosidosis, generalized gm1, type 2|gangliosidosis, generalized gm1, juvenile type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital cataract - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - mitochrondrial myopathy (CCM) is a mitochondrial disease (see this term) characterized by cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness and lactic acidosis after exercise.

CONGENITAL CATARACT-HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY-MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY SYNDROME Is also known as mtdps10|sengers syndrome|cardiomyopathy and cataract|mitochondrial dna depletion syndrome 10 (cardiomyopathic type)

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Singleton-Merten dysplasia is characterized by dental dysplasia, progressive calcification of the thoracic aorta with stenosis, osteoporosis and expansion of the marrow cavities in hand bones. Additional features included generalized muscle weakness and atrophy, and chronic psoriasiform skin eruptions. It has been reported in four unrelated patients (male and female) and in a family with multiple affected members (male).

SINGLETON-MERTEN DYSPLASIA Is also known as singleton-merten syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase; {EC 1.9.3.1}) is the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain and consists of 13 polypeptide subunits, 3 of which are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. The 3 mitochondrially encoded proteins in the cytochrome oxidase complex are the actual catalytic subunits that carry out the electron transport function (Saraste, 1983). See {123995} for discussion of some of the nuclear-encoded subunits.Shoubridge (2001) provided a comprehensive review of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and noted that most isolated COX deficiencies are inherited as autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in nuclear-encoded genes; mutations in the mtDNA-encoded COX subunit genes are relatively rare.

ISOLATED CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex iv deficiency|cox deficiency|isolated cox deficiency|cytochrome c oxidase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4 combines the phenotype of classic Berardinelli-Seip lipodystrophy (OMIM ) with muscular dystrophy and cardiac conduction anomalies (Hayashi et al., 2009).For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital generalized lipodystrophy, see CGL1 (OMIM ).

LIPODYSTROPHY, CONGENITAL GENERALIZED, TYPE 4; CGL4 Is also known as berardinelli-seip congenital lipodystrophy, type 4, with muscular dystrophy|lipodystrophy, berardinelli-seip congenital, type 4, with muscular dystrophy

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN