Hypertension, and Depressivity

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
• Depressivity
• Hypotension

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency is a rare, genetic, adrenal disease characterized by diminished corticosteroid-binding capacity associated with normal or low plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin concentration and reduced total plasma cortisol levels. Patients typically present chronic pain, fatigue and hypo/hypertension.

CORTICOSTEROID-BINDING GLOBULIN DEFICIENCY Is also known as transcortin deficiency|cbg deficiency

• Pain
• Hypertension
• Fatigue
• Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
• Depressivity

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia-2 is an autosomal dominant tumor susceptibility with syndromic incomplete penetrance, as a second hit to the ARMC5 gene is required to develop macronodular hyperplasia (Assie et al., 2013).

ACTH-INDEPENDENT MACRONODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA 2; AIMAH2 Is also known as primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Depressivity
• Osteoporosis
• Round face

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

PIGMENTED NODULAR ADRENOCORTICAL DISEASE, PRIMARY, 2; PPNAD2 Is also known as cushing syndrome, adrenal, due to ppnad2|pigmented micronodular adrenocortical disease, primary, 2

• Hypertension
• Kyphosis
• Depressivity
• Osteoporosis
• Osteopenia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Trimethylaminuria results from the abnormal presence of large amounts of volatile and malodorous trimethylamine within the body. This chemical, a tertiary aliphatic amine, is excreted in the urine, sweat (ichthyohidrosis), and breath, which take on the offensive odor of decaying fish (Mitchell, 1996).

TRIMETHYLAMINURIA; TMAU Is also known as fish-odor syndrome

• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Splenomegaly
• Depressivity
• Hyperhidrosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Mutations in the AIP gene have been found predominantly in growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenomas, but have also been found in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting, thyroid hormone (TSH)-secreting, and prolactin (PRL)-secreting pituitary tumors.Pituitary adenomas are benign monoclonal neoplasms of the anterior pituitary gland, accounting for approximately 15% of intracranial tumors. Growth hormone (OMIM )-secreting adenomas, also known as somatotropinomas, which clinically result in acromegaly, comprise about 20% of all pituitary tumors and are the second most common hormone-secreting pituitary tumor after prolactin (OMIM )-secreting tumors, which account for 40 to 45% of pituitary tumors. ACTH-secreting tumors, which result in Cushing disease, and thyrotropin (TSHB )-secreting tumors are much less common. Nonsecreting pituitary tumors, which account for about 33%, can cause symptoms due to local compressive effects of tumor growth (Vierimaa et al., 2006; Georgitsi et al., 2007; Horvath and Stratakis, 2008).Acromegaly is characterized by coarse facial features, protruding jaw, and enlarged extremities (Vierimaa et al., 2006). Familial isolated somatotropinoma (FIS) is defined as the occurrence of at least 2 cases of acromegaly or gigantism in a family that does not exhibit features of other endocrine syndromes. FIS patients tend to have onset about 4 to 10 years earlier than patients with sporadic disease (Gadelha et al., 1999; Horvath and Stratakis, 2008).Cushing disease is characterized by central obesity, moon facies, diabetes, 'buffalo hump,' hypertension, fatigue, easy bruising, depression, and reproductive disorders. Cushing disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease and infections (summary by Perez-Rivas et al., 2015).Familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) and pituitary adenoma predisposition (PAP) are terms referring to families in which 2 or more individuals develop pituitary tumors. Within a family, tumor types can be heterogeneous, with members of the same family having GH-secreting, prolactin-secreting, ACTH-secreting, or nonsecreting adenomas; in contrast, some families are homogeneous with regard to tumor type. Familial isolated somatotropinoma refers specifically to GH-secreting tumors and is usually associated with an acromegaly phenotype. Thus, FIS is a subset of FIPA or PAP (Toledo et al., 2007).Schlechte (2003) discussed prolactinoma in general terms as a clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic problem. Genetic Heterogeneity of Pituitary AdenomasAlso see pituitary adenoma-2 (PITA2 ), caused by mutation in the GPR101 gene (OMIM ); pituitary adenoma-3 (PITA3 ), caused by somatic activating mutations in the GNAS1 gene (OMIM ); pituitary adenoma-4 (PITA4 ), caused by somatic mutation in the USP8 gene (OMIM ); and pituitary adenoma-5 (PITA5 ), caused by mutation in the CDH23 gene (OMIM ).Patients with the chromosome Xq26.3 microduplication syndrome (OMIM ) have growth hormone-secreting adenomas.Familial acromegaly can also occur in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1 ), Carney complex (CNC1 ), and the McCune-Albright syndrome (OMIM ).Rostomyan et al. (2015) performed a retrospective analysis of 208 patients with pituitary gigantism due to pituitary adenoma or hyperplasia. Most patients (78.4%) were male, and the median onset of rapid growth was 13 years of age for boys and 11 years for girls. Of the 143 patients who consented to genetic testing, 29% had AIP mutations, and microduplication at Xq26.3 (XLAG ) was present in 2 familial isolated pituitary adenoma kindreds and in 10 sporadic patients. Rostomyan et al. (2015) noted that no genetic etiology was identified in more than 50% of the cases, and that the genetically unexplained cases showed more aggressive disease in terms of invasion, hormone levels, and lower control rates.

FAMILIAL ISOLATED PITUITARY ADENOMA Is also known as somatotropinoma, familial isolated|pagh1|somatotrophinoma, familial|ifs|isolated familial somatotropinoma|fipa|acromegaly due to pituitary adenoma 1|fis

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Fatigue
• Cardiomyopathy
• Headache

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cushing syndrome is a clinical designation for the systemic signs and symptoms arising from excess cortisol production. Affected individuals typically show hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, central obesity, osteoporosis, and sometimes depression. Corticotropin-independent Cushing syndrome results from autonomous cortisol production by the adrenal glands, often associated with adrenocortical tumors. Adrenocortical tumors are most common in adult females (summary by Cao et al., 2014; Sato et al., 2014).

PIGMENTED NODULAR ADRENOCORTICAL DISEASE, PRIMARY, 4; PPNAD4 Is also known as chromosome 19p13 duplication syndrome|cushing syndrome, adrenal, due to ppnad4

• Muscle weakness
• Hypertension
• Obesity
• Depressivity
• Alopecia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Primary pigmented micronodular adrenocortical disease is a form of ACTH-independent adrenal hyperplasia resulting in Cushing syndrome. It is usually seen as a manifestation of the Carney complex (CNC1 ), a multiple neoplasia syndrome. However, PPNAD can also occur in isolation (Groussin et al., 2002). Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Pigmented Micronodular Adrenocortical DiseaseSee also PPNAD2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PDE11A gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2q31; PPNAD3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PDE8B gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 5q13; and PPNAD4 (OMIM ), caused by a duplication on chromosome 19p13 that includes the PRKACA gene (OMIM ).

PIGMENTED NODULAR ADRENOCORTICAL DISEASE, PRIMARY, 1; PPNAD1 Is also known as pigmented micronodular adrenocortical disease, primary, 1|cushing syndrome, adrenal, due to ppnad1|adrenocortical nodular dysplasia, primary

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Kyphosis
• Obesity
• Depressivity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal dominant dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5a) is a rare neurometabolic disorder characterized by childhood-onset dystonia that shows a dramatic and sustained response to low doses of levodopa (L-dopa) and that may be associated with parkinsonism at an older age.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DOPA-RESPONSIVE DYSTONIA Is also known as hpd with marked diurnal fluctuation|gtpch1-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia|gtpch1-deficient drd|dyt5a|hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation|autosomal dominant segawa syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia
• Hypertension

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a very rare form of prion disease (see this term) characterized by subacute onset of insomnia showing as a reduced overall sleep time, autonomic dysfunction, and motor disturbances.

FATAL FAMILIAL INSOMNIA Is also known as insomnia, fatal familial

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Spasticity
• Hypertension

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN