Hypertension, and Ascites

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pathologic finding in several renal disorders that manifest clinically as proteinuria and progressive decline in renal function. Some patients with FSGS develop the clinical entity called 'nephrotic syndrome' (see NPHS1; {256300}), which includes massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. However, patients with FSGS may have proteinuria in the nephrotic range without other features of the nephrotic syndrome (summary by D'Agati et al., 2004; Mathis et al., 1998).D'Agati et al. (2011) provided a detailed review of FSGS, emphasizing that the disorder results from defects of the podocyte.Because of confusion in the literature regarding use of the terms 'nephrotic syndrome' and 'focal segmental glomerulosclerosis' (see NOMENCLATURE section), these disorders in OMIM are classified as NPHS or FSGS according to how they were first designated in the literature. Genetic Heterogeneity of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Nephrotic SyndromeFocal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome are genetically heterogeneous disorders representing a spectrum of hereditary renal diseases. See also FSGS2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TRPC6 gene (OMIM ); FSGS3 (OMIM ), associated with variation in the CD2AP gene (OMIM ); FSGS4 (OMIM ), mapped to chromosome 22q12; FSGS5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the INF2 gene (OMIM ); FSGS6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MYO1E gene (OMIM ); FSGS7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PAX2 gene (OMIM ); FSGS8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ANLN gene (OMIM ); and FSGS9 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CRB2 gene (OMIM ).See also NPHS1 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NPHS1 gene (OMIM ); NPHS2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the podocin gene (OMIM ); NPHS3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PLCE1 gene (OMIM ); and NPHS4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the WT1 gene (OMIM ).

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS 1; FSGS1 Is also known as glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental, 1

• Hearing impairment
• Pain
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Edema

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Caroli disease (CD) is a rare congenital liver disease characterized by non-obstructive cystic dilatations of the intra-hepatic and rarely extra-hepatic bile ducts.

• Pain
• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever
• Vomiting

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Carney's triad is a rare non-hereditary condition characterized by gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST, intramural mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract with neuronal or neural crest cell origin), pulmonary chondromas and extraadrenal paragangliomas.

CARNEY TRIAD Is also known as gastric leiomyosarcoma, pulmonary chondroma, and extraadrenal paraganglioma

• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Headache

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Ventricular septal defect

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hypotrichosis - lymphedema - telangiectasia is an extremely rare syndromic lymphedema disorder characterized by early-onset hypotrichosis, childhood-onset lymphedema, and variable telangiectasia, particularly of the palms.

HYPOTRICHOSIS-LYMPHEDEMA-TELANGIECTASIA-RENAL DEFECT SYNDROME Is also known as hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis syndrome

• Hypertension
• Respiratory distress
• Abnormality of the dentition
• Alopecia
• Hyperhidrosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is caused by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow involving either the hepatic veins or the terminal segment of the inferior vena cava.

• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare, often fatal, progressive vascular lung disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and sustained elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure. Pathologic features include a narrowing and thickening of small pulmonary vessels and plexiform lesions. There is pulmonary vascular remodeling of all layers of pulmonary arterial vessels: intimal thickening, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy or hyperplasia, adventitial fibrosis, and occluded vessels by in situ thrombosis (summary by Machado et al., 2009 and Han et al., 2013).Heterozygous mutations in the BMPR2 gene are found in nearly 70% of families with heritable PPH and in 25% of patients with sporadic disease. The disease is more common in women (female:male ratio of 1.7:1). However, the penetrance of PPH1 is incomplete: only about 10 to 20% of individuals with BMPR2 mutations develop the disease during their lifetime, suggesting that development of the disorder is triggered by other genetic or environmental factors. Patients with PPH1 are less likely to respond to acute vasodilater testing and are unlikely to benefit from treatment with calcium channel blockade (summary by Machado et al., 2009 and Han et al., 2013). Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Pulmonary HypertensionPPH2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the SMAD9 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 13q13; PPH3 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the CAV1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q31; and PPH4 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the KCNK3 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2p23.See {265400} for a possible autosomal recessive form of PPH.Primary pulmonary hypertension may also be found in association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1 ), caused by mutation in the ENG gene (OMIM ), and HHT2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ACVRL1 (ALK1) gene (OMIM ).

PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, PRIMARY, 1; PPH1 Is also known as pulmonary arterial hypertension|pht|pah

• Pain
• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Fatigue
• Respiratory distress

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase causes 2 distinct phenotypes in humans: Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). Wolman disease is an early-onset fulminant disorder of infancy with massive infiltration of the liver, spleen, and other organs by macrophages filled with cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. Death occurs early in life. Wolman disease is very rare, with an incidence of less than one in 100,000 live births. CESD is a milder, later-onset disorder with primary hepatic involvement by macrophages engorged with cholesteryl esters. This slowly progressive visceral disease has a very wide spectrum of involvement ranging from early onset with severe cirrhosis to later onset of more slowly progressive hepatic disease with survival into adulthood (summary by Du et al., 2001).

LYSOSOMAL ACID LIPASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as lal deficiency|cholesterol ester hydrolase deficiency|cholesteryl ester storage disease|lipa deficiency|cesd

• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Anemia
• Hypertension

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE IV; GSD4 Is also known as andersen disease|brancher deficiency|gbe1 deficiency|amylopectinosis|gsd iv|glycogen branching enzyme deficiency|cirrhosis, familial, with deposition of abnormal glycogen|glycogenosis iv

• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic and slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune etiology characterized by injury of the intrahepatic bile ducts that may eventually lead to liver failure.

PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS Is also known as pbc|hanot syndrome|primary biliary cirrhosis

• Hypertension
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Encephalopathy
• Osteoporosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN