Hypertension, and Amenorrhea

Frasier syndrome is characterised by the association of male pseudohermaphrodism and glomerular nephropathy. This syndrome is associated with a high risk of developing gonadoblastoma.

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Renal insufficiency
• Proteinuria
• Stage 5 chronic kidney disease

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL, DUE TO 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as adrenal hyperplasia v|17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

• Muscle weakness
• Cryptorchidism
• Hypertension
• Myopathy
• Headache

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency is a very rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; see this term) characterized by glucocorticoid deficiency, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and severe hypokalemic hypertension.

CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as combined 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency|cah due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

• Short stature
• Failure to thrive
• Cryptorchidism
• Hypertension
• Hypospadias

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) results from a deficiency in one or another of the enzymes of cortisol biosynthesis. In about 95% of cases, 21-hydroxylation is impaired in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex so that 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is not converted to 11-deoxycortisol. Because of defective cortisol synthesis, ACTH levels increase, resulting in overproduction and accumulation of cortisol precursors, particularly 17-OHP, proximal to the block. This causes excessive production of androgens, resulting in virilization.Slominski et al. (1996) presented evidence that the CYP21A2, CYP11A1 (OMIM ), CYP17 (OMIM ), and ACTHR (OMIM ) genes are expressed in skin (see {202200}). The authors suggested that expression of these genes may play a role in skin physiology and pathology and that cutaneous proopiomelanocortin activity may be autoregulated by a feedback mechanism involving glucocorticoids synthesized locally.

ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL, DUE TO 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as cyp21 deficiency|21-hydroxylase deficiency|congenital adrenal hyperplasia 1|cah1|adrenal hyperplasia iii

• Short stature
• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Fever
• Obesity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hemochromatosis type 2 (juvenile) is the early-onset and most severe form of rare hereditary hemochromatosis (HH; see this term), a group of diseases characterized by excessive tissue iron deposition of genetic origin.

HEMOCHROMATOSIS TYPE 2 Is also known as juvenile hemochromatosis

• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Cardiomyopathy

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bilateral renal agenesis is the most profound form of renal agenesis (see this term), characterized by complete absence of kidney development, absent ureters and subsequent absence of fetal renal function resulting in Potter sequence with pulmonary hypoplasia related to oligohydramnios, which is fatal shortly after birth.

RENAL AGENESIS, BILATERAL Is also known as renal aplasia|renal adysplasia|hereditary renal aplasia|renal agenesis|hra

• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

DENYS-DRASH SYNDROME; DDS Is also known as nephropathy, wilms tumor, and genital anomalies|drash syndrome|wilms tumor and pseudo- or true hermaphroditism

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Neoplasm
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

This type can be caused by mutation in the gene encoding PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA.

PPARG-RELATED FAMILIAL PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY Is also known as familial partial lipodystrophy type 3|fpld3|pparg-related fpld|lipodystrophy, familial partial, associated with pparg mutations

• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Myopathy
• Congestive heart failure
• Splenomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing syndrome (CS; see this term) characterized by nodular enlargement of both adrenal glands (multiple nodules above 1 cm in diameter) that produce excess cortisol and features of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) independent CS (see this term).

CUSHING SYNDROME DUE TO MACRONODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA Is also known as cushing disease, pituitary|primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia

• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Hypertension
• Skeletal muscle atrophy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive and genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, kidney dysfunction, polydactyly, behavioral dysfunction, and hypogonadism (summary by Beales et al., 1999). Eight proteins implicated in the disorder assemble to form the BBSome, a stable complex involved in signaling receptor trafficking to and from cilia (summary by Scheidecker et al., 2014). Genetic Heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl SyndromeBBS1 is caused by mutation in a gene on chromosome 11q13 (OMIM ); BBS2 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 16q13 (OMIM ); BBS3 (OMIM ), by mutation in the ARL6 gene on 3q11 (OMIM ); BBS4 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 15q22 (OMIM ); BBS5 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 2q31 (OMIM ); BBS6 (OMIM ), by the MKKS gene on 20p12 (OMIM ), mutations in which also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (OMIM ); BBS7 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (OMIM ); BBS8 (OMIM ), by mutation in the TTC8 gene on 14q32 (OMIM ); BBS9 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 7p14 (OMIM ); BBS10 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 12q (OMIM ); BBS11 (OMIM ), by mutation in the TRIM32 gene on 9q33 (OMIM ); BBS12 (OMIM ), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (OMIM ); BBS13 (OMIM ), by mutation in the MKS1 gene (OMIM ) on 17q23, mutations in which also cause Meckel syndrome-1 (OMIM ); BBS14 (OMIM ), by mutation in the CEP290 gene (OMIM ) on 12q21, mutations in which also cause Meckel syndrome-4 (OMIM ) and several other disorders; BBS15 (OMIM ), by mutation in the C2ORF86 gene (OMIM ), which encodes a homolog of the Drosophila planar cell polarity gene 'fritz,' on 2p15; BBS16 (OMIM ), by mutation in the SDCCAG8 gene (OMIM ) on 1q43, mutations in which also cause Senior-Loken syndrome-7 (OMIM ); BBS17 (OMIM ), by mutation in the LZTFL1 gene (OMIM ) on 3p21; BBS18 (OMIM ), by mutation in the BBIP1 gene (OMIM ) on 10q25; BBS19 (OMIM ), by mutation in the IFT27 gene (OMIM ) on 22q12; BBS20 (OMIM ), by mutation in the IFT74 gene (OMIM ) on 9p21; and BBS21 (OMIM ), by mutation in the C8ORF37 gene (OMIM ).The CCDC28B gene (OMIM ) modifies the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes. Mutations in MKS1, MKS3 (TMEM67 ), and C2ORF86 also modify the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes.Although BBS had originally been thought to be a recessive disorder, Katsanis et al. (2001) demonstrated that clinical manifestation of some forms of Bardet-Biedl syndrome requires recessive mutations in 1 of the 6 loci plus an additional mutation in a second locus. While Katsanis et al. (2001) called this 'triallelic inheritance,' Burghes et al. (2001) suggested the term 'recessive inheritance with a modifier of penetrance.' Mykytyn et al. (2002) found no evidence of involvement of the common BBS1 mutation in triallelic inheritance. However, Fan et al. (2004) found heterozygosity in a mutation of the BBS3 gene ({608845.0002}) as an apparent modifier of the expression of homozygosity of the met390-to-arg mutation in the BBS1 gene ({209901.0001}).Allelic disorders include nonsyndromic forms of retinitis pigmentosa: RP51 (OMIM ), caused by TTC8 mutation, and RP55 (OMIM ), caused by ARL6 mutation.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN