Hypertelorism, and Tachycardia

Andersen's syndrome (AS) is a rare disorder characterized by periodic muscle paralysis, prolongation of the QT interval with a variety of ventricular arrhythmias (leading to predisposition to sudden cardiac death) and characteristic physical features: short stature, scoliosis, low-set ears, hypertelorism, broad nasal root, micrognathia, clinodactyly, brachydactyly and syndactyly.

ANDERSEN-TAWIL SYNDROME Is also known as andersen syndrome|long qt syndrome type 7|lqt7

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS), a skeletal muscle disorder most often inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, is one of the main causes of death due to anesthesia. In susceptible people, a malignant hyperthermia episode is triggered by exposure to commonly used volatile anesthetic agents such as halothane or depolarizing muscle relaxants such as succinyl choline. A fulminant MH crisis is characterized by any combination of hyperthermia, skeletal muscle rigidity, tachycardia or arrhythmia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, and rhabdomyolysis. Except for this susceptibility to triggering agents, MHS patients are not clinically distinguishable from the general population (summary by Monnier et al., 1997). Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Malignant HyperthermiaOther MHS loci include MHS2 (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q; MHS3 (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q; MHS4 (OMIM ) on chromosome 3q; MHS5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CACNA1S gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q32; and MHS6 (OMIM ) on chromosome 5p.

MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 1; MHS1 Is also known as mhs|hyperthermia of anesthesia|mh|hyperpyrexia, malignant

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Timothy syndrome is a multi-system disorder characterized by cardiac, hand, facial and neurodevelopmental features that include QT prolongation, webbed fingers and toes, flattened nasal bridge, low-set ears, small upper jaw, thin upper lip, and characteristic features of autism or autistic spectrum disorders.

TIMOTHY SYNDROME Is also known as lqt8|long qt syndrome 8|long qt syndrome with syndactyly|long qt syndrome-syndactyly syndrome|long qt syndrome type 8

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by ulnar defects, mammary and apocrine gland hypoplasia and genital anomalies. Delayed puberty dental anomalies, short stature and obesity have also been described.

ULNAR-MAMMARY SYNDROME Is also known as schinzel syndrome|ums|pallister ulnar-mammary syndrome

• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Cryptorchidism
• Ptosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Ogden syndrome is a rare, genetic progeroid syndrome characterized by a variable phenotype including postnatal growth delay, severe global developmental delay, hypotonia, non-specific dysmorphic facies with aged appearance and cryptorchidism, as well as cardiac arrthymias and skeletal anomalies. Patients typically present with widely opened fontanels, mainly truncal hypotonia, a waddling gait with hypertonia of the extremities, small hands and feet, broad great toes, scoliosis and redundant skin with lack of subcutaneous fat.

OGDEN SYNDROME Is also known as n-terminal acetyltransferase deficiency|premature aging appearance-developmental delay-cardiac arrhythmia syndrome|natd

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Andersen-Tawil syndrome is an autosomal dominant multisystem channelopathy characterized by periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmias, and distinctive dysmorphic facial or skeletal features. Hypoplastic kidney and valvular heart disease have also been reported. The disorder shows marked intrafamilial variability and incomplete penetrance (summary by Davies et al., 2005).

ANDERSEN CARDIODYSRHYTHMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS Is also known as ats|andersen syndrome|long qt syndrome 7|periodic paralysis, potassium-sensitive cardiodysrhythmic type|lqt7|andersen-tawil syndrome

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), defined as insulin-requiring hyperglycemia within the first month of life, is a rare entity, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 400,000 neonates (Shield, 2000). In about half of the neonates, diabetes is transient and resolves at a median age of 3 months, whereas the rest have a permanent form of diabetes (OMIM ). In a significant number of patients with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, type II diabetes appears later in life (Arthur et al., 1997).The major cause of transient neonatal diabetes (TND) is aberrant expression of imprinted genes at chromosome 6q24, associated in 20% of cases with DNA hypomethylation at the TND differentially methylated region (DMR), which lies within the imprinted promoter of the PLAGL1 gene ({603044}; Mackay et al., 2005). Over 50% of individuals with TND and hypomethylation at 6q24 also show mosaic DNA hypomethylation at other imprinted loci throughout the genome and a range of additional clinical features. Genetic Heterogeneity of Transient Neonatal DiabetesTNDM2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the ABCC8 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11p15.1. TNDM3 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the KCNJ11 gene (OMIM ), also located on 11p15.1.

DIABETES MELLITUS, TRANSIENT NEONATAL, 1 Is also known as tndm1|dmtn|tndm

• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive
• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Talipes equinovarus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized by failure to thrive, short stature, developmental delay or intellectual disability, joint laxity, soft skin, and distinctive facial features. Cardiac and neurological involvement is common and there is an increased lifetime risk of certain tumors.

COSTELLO SYNDROME Is also known as fcs syndrome|faciocutaneoskeletal syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Jacobsen syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) contiguous gene syndrome caused by partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11.

JACOBSEN SYNDROME Is also known as monosomy 11qter|del(11)(q23.3)|distal deletion 11q|telomeric deletion 11q|distal monosomy 11q|del(11)(qter)|chromosome 11q deletion syndrome|partial 11q monosomy syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN