Hypertelorism, and Hemolytic anemia

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E3-binding protein deficiency is a rare mild form of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDHD, see this term) characterized by variable lactic acidosis and neurological dysfunction.

PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE E3-BINDING PROTEIN DEFICIENCY Is also known as diaphorase deficiency|2-oxoglutarate complex deficiency|pyruvate dehydrogenase protein x component deficiency|dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency|branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deficiency|pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component e3

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

8p11.2 deletion syndrome is a contiguous gene syndrome characterized by the association of congenital spherocytosis, dysmorphic features, growth delay and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

8P11.2 DELETION SYNDROME Is also known as del(8)(p11.2)|monosomy 8p11.2

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome type 2 is a rare, genetic, lethal, neurometabolic malformation syndrome characterized by multiple, variable, congenital cardiac (systolic murmur, atrial septal defect), urinary (duplicated collecting system, vesicoureteral reflux) and central nervous system (thin corpus callosum, cerebellar hypoplasia) malformations associated with neonatal hypotonia, early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, and myoclonic seizures. Craniofacial dysmorphism (prominent occiput, enlarged fontanel, fused metopic suture, upslanted palpebral fissures, overfolded helix, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nose, malar flattening, microstomy with downturned corners, Pierre-Robin sequence, high arched palate, short neck) and other manifestions (joint contractures, hyperreflexia, dysplastic nails, developmental delay) are also observed.

MULTIPLE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES-HYPOTONIA-SEIZURES SYNDROME TYPE 2 Is also known as epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 20|gpibd4|mcahs type 2|glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 4|eiee20

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises hypocalcemia arising from parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, and outflow tract defects of the heart. Disturbance of cervical neural crest migration into the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches and pouches can account for the phenotype. Most cases result from a deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 (the DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region, or DGCR). Several genes are lost including the putative transcription factor TUPLE1 which is expressed in the appropriate distribution. This deletion may present with a variety of phenotypes: Shprintzen, or velocardiofacial, syndrome (VCFS ); conotruncal anomaly face (or Takao syndrome); and isolated outflow tract defects of the heart including tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and interrupted aortic arch. A collective acronym CATCH22 has been proposed for these differing presentations. A small number of cases of DGS have defects in other chromosomes, notably 10p13 (see {601362}). In the mouse, a transgenic Hox A3 (Hox 1.5) knockout produces a phenotype similar to DGS as do the teratogens retinoic acid and alcohol.

DIGEORGE SYNDROME; DGS Is also known as hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroids|chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome|third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited red blood cell aplasia that usually presents in the first year of life. The main features are normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and nearly absent erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Patients show growth retardation, and approximately 30 to 50% have craniofacial, upper limb, heart, and urinary system congenital malformations. The majority of patients have increased mean corpuscular volume, elevated erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity, and persistence of hemoglobin F. However, some DBA patients do not exhibit these findings, and even in the same family, symptoms can vary between affected family members (summary by Landowski et al., 2013).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, see DBA1 (OMIM ).

• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Anemia
• Wide nasal bridge

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited red blood cell aplasia that usually presents in the first year of life. The main features are normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and nearly absent erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Patients show growth retardation, and approximately 30 to 50% have craniofacial, upper limb, heart, and urinary system congenital malformations. The majority of patients have increased mean corpuscular volume, elevated erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity, and persistence of hemoglobin F. However, some DBA patients do not exhibit these findings, and even in the same family, symptoms can vary between affected family members (summary by Landowski et al., 2013).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, see DBA1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type IV (CDA IV) is a newly discovered form of CDA (see this term) characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolysis that leads to severe anemia at birth.

CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIA TYPE IV Is also known as cda, type iv|cda type 4|congenital dyserythropoietic anemia due to klf1 mutation|cda iv|cdan4|congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 4|cda type iv|cda due to klf1 mutation

• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Cardiomyopathy

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a rare and severe disease characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, hair abnormalities, intractable diarrhea, and immunodeficiency (summary by Fabre et al., 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of trichohepatoenteric syndrome, see THES1 (OMIM ).

• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive
• Abnormal facial shape
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

An autosomal recessive form of Kenny-Caffey syndrome due to mutation(s) in the TBCE gene, encoding tubulin-specific chaperone E. This condition is characterized by hypoparathyroidism with hypocalcemia, marked growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, absent diploic space in the skull, cortical thickening of long bones with medullary stenosis, and small hands and feet.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE KENNY-CAFFEY SYNDROME Is also known as kcs|kenny-caffey syndrome, autosomal recessive

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that causes genomic instability. Characteristic clinical features include developmental abnormalities in major organ systems, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a high predisposition to cancer. The cellular hallmark of FA is hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents and high frequency of chromosomal aberrations pointing to a defect in DNA repair (summary by Deakyne and Mazin, 2011).For additional general information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Fanconi anemia, see {227650}.

• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN