Hypertelorism, and Esotropia

Intellectual disability-strabismus syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability and esotropia. Other associated features may include growth failure (underweight, failure to thrive, short stature), microcephaly, tone abnormalities (hypotonia, spasticity), epilepsy, behavioral problems (hyperactivity, aggressiveness), and/or abnormal brain morphology, including arachnoid cyst, cerebral atrophy, mild ventriculomegaly, abnormal CNS myelination or corpus callosum agenesis.

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities of the brain, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

AHDC1-related intellectual disability-obstructive sleep apnea-mild dysmorphism syndrome is a rare, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by hypotonia, developmetal delay, absent or severly delayed speech development, intellectual disability, obstructive sleep apnea, mild dysmorphic facial features and behavioral abnormalities. Epilepsy, ataxia and nystagmus have also been reported.

AHDC1-RELATED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA-MILD DYSMORPHISM SYNDROME Is also known as mrd25|xia-gibbs syndrome|mental retardation, autosomal dominant 25

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

PURA-related severe neonatal hypotonia-seizures-encephalopathy syndrome due to a point mutation is a rare, genetic neurological disease, with a highly variable phenotype, typically characterized by neonatal hypotonia, respiratory and feeding difficulties, global development delay (often with nonverbal and frequently non-ambulatory progression) and myopathic facies. Other frequently present features include seizures (or seizure-like episodes), visual impairment and encephalopathy.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Global developmental delay-visual anomalies-progressive cerebellar atrophy-truncal hypotonia syndrome is a rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by mild to severe developmental delay and speech impairment, truncal hypotonia, abnormalities of vision (including cortical visual impairment and abnormal visual-evoked potentials), progressive brain atrophy mainly affecting the cerebellum, and shortened or atrophic corpus callosum. Other clinical findings may include increased muscle tone in the extremities, dystonic posturing, hyporeflexia, scoliosis, postnatal microcephaly and variable facial dysmorphism (e.g. deep-set eyes, gingival hyperplasia, short philtrum and retrognathia).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Sclerosteosis is a very rare serious sclerosing hyperostosis syndrome characterized clinically by variable syndactyly and progressive skeletal overgrowth (particularly of the skull), resulting in distinctive facial features (mandibular overgrowth, frontal bossing, midfacial hypoplasia), cranial nerve entrapment causing facial palsy and deafness, and potentially lethal elevation of intracranial pressure.

SCLEROSTEOSIS Is also known as cortical hyperostosis-syndactyly syndrome|sost|cortical hyperostosis with syndactyly

• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia (CLSD), also known as Boyadjiev-Jabs syndrome, is characterized by the specific association of large and late-closing fontanels, hypertelorism, early-onset cataract and mild generalized skeletal dysplasia.

CRANIOLENTICULOSUTURAL DYSPLASIA Is also known as boyadjiev-jabs syndrome

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Corpus callosum agenesis-neuronopathy syndrome is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe progressive sensorimotor neuropathy beginning in infancy with resulting hypotonia, areflexia, amyotrophy and variable degrees of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Additional features include mild-to-severe intellectual and developmental delays, and psychiatric manifestations that include paranoid delusions, depression, hallucinations, and "autistic-like" features. Affected individuals are usually wheelchair restricted in the second decade of life and die in the third decade of life. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

CORPUS CALLOSUM AGENESIS-NEURONOPATHY SYNDROME Is also known as andermann syndrome|charlevoix disease|polyneuropathy, sensorimotor, with or without agenesis of the corpus callosum|corpus callosum, agenesis of, with neuronopathy

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a specific hindbrain malformation, which is referred to as the 'molar tooth sign' (MTS) on brain MRI, hypotonia, developmental delay, oculomotor apraxia, and breathing abnormalities. The complex brainstem malformation consists of cerebellar vermian hypoplasia/aplasia, thickened and reoriented superior cerebellar peduncles, and an abnormally large interpeduncular fossa, giving the appearance of a molar tooth on transaxial slices (Maria et al., 1997). Additional features sometimes associated with Joubert syndrome include retinal anomalies, polydactyly, hepatic fibrosis, and renal disease. These related disorders are often referred to as 'cerebellooculorenal syndromes' (CORSs) (Chance et al., 1999; Satran et al., 1999).

JOUBERT SYNDROME 2; JBTS2 Is also known as cors2|cerebellooculorenal syndrome 2

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN