Hyperreflexia, and Colitis

Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is a focal childhood epilepsy characterized by seizures consisting of unilateral facial sensory-motor symptoms, with electroencephalogram (EEG) showing sharp biphasic waves over the rolandic region. It is an age-related epilepsy, with excellent outcome.

ROLANDIC EPILEPSY Is also known as becrs|bre|benign rolandic epilepsy|bects|centrotemporal epilepsy|benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes|benign familial epilepsy of childhood with rolandic spikes

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia due to STUB1 deficiency is a rare hereditary ataxia characterized by progressive truncal and limb ataxia resulting in gait instability. Dysarthria, dysphagia, nystagmus, spasticity of the lower limbs, mild peripheral sensory neuropathy, cognitive impairment and accelerated ageing have also been associated.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CEREBELLAR ATAXIA DUE TO STUB1 DEFICIENCY Is also known as scar16|spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive type 16

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, multisystemic vasculitis characterized by mucocutaneous lesions, as well as articular, vascular, ocular and central nervous system manifestations.

BEHÇET DISEASE Is also known as bd|behcet disease

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Cataract

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Hereditary hyperekplexia is a hereditary neurological disorder characterized by excessive startle responses.

HEREDITARY HYPEREKPLEXIA Is also known as hereditary hyperexplexia|familial startle disease|kok disease|startle disease, familial|stiff baby syndrome|exaggerated startle reaction|sthe|congenital stiff man syndrome|stiff-baby syndrome|stiff-person syndrome, congenital|startle reaction, exaggerated

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Spasticity
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Ligneous conjunctivitis (LC) is a rare form of chronic conjunctivitis characterised by the recurrent formation of pseudomembranous lesions most commonly on the palpebral surfaces. It is most frequently reported as a clinical manifestation of severe homozygous or compound-heterozygous hypoplasminogenemia (see this term).

LIGNEOUS CONJUNCTIVITIS Is also known as conjunctivitis lignosa

• Global developmental delay
• Hyperreflexia
• Macrocephaly
• Hydrocephalus
• Blindness

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Severe hypoplasminogenemia (HPG) or type 1 plasminogen (plg) deficiency is a systemic disease characterised by markedly impaired extracellular fibrinolysis leading to the formation of ligneous (fibrin-rich) pseudomembranes on mucosae during wound healing.

HYPOPLASMINOGENEMIA Is also known as plasminogen deficiency type 1

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Hyperreflexia
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I (GA1 ) in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. GA II results from deficiency of any 1 of 3 molecules: the alpha (ETFA) and beta (ETFB) subunits of electron transfer flavoprotein, and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH). The clinical picture of GA II due to the different defects appears to be indistinguishable; each defect can lead to a range of mild or severe cases, depending presumably on the location and nature of the intragenic lesion, i.e., mutation, in each case (Goodman, 1993; Olsen et al., 2003).The heterogeneous clinical features of patients with MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in patients with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress (summary by Frerman and Goodman, 2001).Importantly, riboflavin treatment has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms and metabolic profiles in many MADD patients, particularly those with type III, the late-onset and mildest form (Liang et al., 2009).

MULTIPLE ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; MADD Is also known as ema|ethylmalonic-adipicaciduria|glutaric aciduria ii|ga ii|glutaric acidemia ii|ga2

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Galloway syndrome is characterized by the association of nephrotic syndrome and central nervous system anomalies.

GALLOWAY-MOWAT SYNDROME Is also known as nephrosis-neuronal dysmigration syndrome|spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 5, formerly|microcephaly, hiatal hernia, and nephrotic syndrome|scar5, formerly|galloway syndrome|cerebellar ataxia with mental retardation, optic atrophy, and skin abnor

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

MELAS (Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke) syndrome is a rare progressive multisystemic disorder characterized by encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. Other features include endocrinopathy, heart disease, diabetes, hearing loss, and neurological and psychiatric manifestations.

MELAS Is also known as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes|melas syndrome|mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 29 (SPG29) is a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by a spastic paraplegia presenting in adolescence, associated with the additional manifestations of sensorial hearing impairment due to auditory neuropathy and persistent vomiting due to a hiatal or paraesophageal hernia.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 29 Is also known as spg29

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Spasticity
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN