Hydrocephalus, and Genu valgum

JACKSON-WEISS SYNDROME; JWS Is also known as craniosynostosis, midfacial hypoplasia, and foot abnormalities

• Intellectual disability
• Hypertelorism
• Strabismus
• Cleft palate
• Ptosis

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

OSTEOPETROSIS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 2; OPTB2 Is also known as osteopetrosis, osteoclast-poor|osteopetrosis, mild autosomal recessive form

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Anemia
• Visual impairment
• Optic atrophy

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hepatomegaly
• Brachydactyly
• Abnormality of the skeletal system

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by short stature, coarse and dysmorphic facies, bowing of the long bones, and vertebral anomalies. Facial features include hypertelorism, bushy eyebrows, micrognathia, small mouth with dental anomalies, low-set ears, and short neck. There is progressive focal bone destruction, including acroosteolysis and generalized osteoporosis. Additional and variable features include hearing loss, renal cysts, and cardiovascular anomalies (summary by Ramos et al., 1998; Simpson et al., 2011; Isidor et al., 2011).

HAJDU-CHENEY SYNDROME; HJCYS Is also known as acroosteolysis with osteoporosis and changes in skull and mandible|sfpks|cheney syndrome|arthrodentoosteodysplasia|serpentine fibula-polycystic kidney syndrome

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Albers-Schönberg osteopetrosis is a sclerosing disorder of the skeleton characterized by increased bone density that classically displays the radiographic sign of ''sandwich vertebrae'' (dense bands of sclerosis parallel to the vertebral endplates).

ALBERS-SCHÖNBERG OSTEOPETROSIS Is also known as osteopetrosis autosomal dominant type 2|osteopetrosis, autosomal dominant, type ii|marble bones, autosomal dominant|albers-schonberg disease, autosomal dominant|osteosclerosis fragilis generalisata

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of arylsulfatase B. Clinical features and severity are variable, but usually include short stature, hepatosplenomegaly, dysostosis multiplex, stiff joints, corneal clouding, cardiac abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Intelligence is usually normal (Azevedo et al., 2004).

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS, TYPE VI; MPS6 Is also known as maroteaux-lamy syndrome|mps vi|n-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase deficiency|arsb deficiency|arylsulfatase b deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Abnormal facial shape
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease characterized by the inability to degrade glucuronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans. The phenotype is highly variable, ranging from severe lethal hydrops fetalis to mild forms with survival into adulthood. Most patients with the intermediate phenotype show hepatomegaly, skeletal anomalies, coarse facies, and variable degrees of mental impairment (Shipley et al., 1993). MPS VII was the first autosomal mucopolysaccharidosis for which chromosomal assignment was achieved.

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS, TYPE VII; MPS7 Is also known as beta-glucuronidase deficiency|mps vii|sly syndrome|gusb deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, marfanoid habitus, cardiac anomalies, neurological abnormalities, and intellectual disability.

SHPRINTZEN-GOLDBERG SYNDROME Is also known as sgs|marfanoid craniosynostosis syndrome|craniosynostosis with arachnodactyly and abdominal hernias|marfanoid disorder with craniosynostosis, type i

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Carpenter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with the cardinal features of acrocephaly with variable synostosis of the sagittal, lambdoid, and coronal sutures; peculiar facies; brachydactyly of the hands with syndactyly; preaxial polydactyly and syndactyly of the feet; congenital heart defects; growth retardation; mental retardation; hypogenitalism; and obesity. In addition, cerebral malformations, oral and dental abnormalities, coxa valga, genu valgum, hydronephrosis, precocious puberty, and hearing loss may be observed (summary by Altunhan et al., 2011). Genetic Heterogeneity of Carpenter SyndromeCarpenter syndrome-2 (CRPT2 ), in which the features of Carpenter syndrome are sometimes associated with defective lateralization, is caused by mutation in the MEGF8 gene (OMIM ).

CARPENTER SYNDROME 1; CRPT1 Is also known as carpenter syndrome|acrocephalopolysyndactyly type ii|acps ii

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Intellectual disability-cataracts-calcified pinnae-myopathy syndrome is a rare, genetic intellectual disability syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features (wide forehead, ptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, enlarged and calcified external ears, large jaw), sparse body hair, tall stature, and intellectual disability. Hearing loss, insulin-resistant diabetes, and progressive distal muscle wasting (leading to joint contractures) have also been reported in adulthood. Rare manifestations include behavioral abnormalities (aggression and restlessness), hypothyroidism, cerebral calcification, ataxia, and peripheral neuropathy.

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-CATARACTS-CALCIFIED PINNAE-MYOPATHY SYNDROME Is also known as primrose syndrome|ossified ear cartilages with mental deficiency, muscle wasting, and bony changes

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN