Hydrocephalus, and Decreased fetal movement

The proliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive, usually prenatally lethal disorder characterized by hydranencephaly, a distinctive glomerular vasculopathy in the central nervous system and retina, and diffuse ischemic lesions of the brain stem, basal ganglia, and spinal cord with calcifications. It is usually diagnosed by ultrasound between 26 and 33 weeks' gestation (summary by Meyer et al., 2010). Rarely, affected individuals may survive, but are severely impaired with almost no neurologic development (Kvarnung et al., 2016).

FOWLER SYNDROME Is also known as epv|cerebral proliferative glomeruloid vasculopathy|fowler syndrome|proliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly/hydrocephaly|hydranencephaly, fowler type|hydrocephaly/hydranencephaly due to cerebral vasculopathy|encephaloclastic proliferative vasculopa

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies (type A), which includes both the more severe Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) and the slightly less severe muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB), is an autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic brain and eye malformations, profound mental retardation, congenital muscular dystrophy, and death usually in the first years of life. It represents the most severe end of a phenotypic spectrum of similar disorders resulting from defective glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1 ), collectively known as 'dystroglycanopathies' (summary by Roscioli et al., 2012).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A, see MDDGA1 (OMIM ).

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES), TYPE A, 7; MDDGA7 Is also known as walker-warburg syndrome or muscle-eye-brain disease, ispd-related

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Cataract
• Low-set ears
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome resulting from disordered peroxisome biogenesis. Affected children present in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, seizures, and inability to feed. Characteristic craniofacial anomalies, eye abnormalities, neuronal migration defects, hepatomegaly, and chondrodysplasia punctata are present. Children with this condition do not show any significant development and usually die in the first year of life (summary by Steinberg et al., 2006).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Zellweger syndrome, see {214100}.Individuals with PBDs of complementation group 14 (CG14, equivalent to CGJ) have mutations in the PEX19 gene. For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}.

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Thanatophoric dysplasia, type 2 (TD2) is a form of TD (see this term) characterized by micromelia, straight long-bones, macrocephaly, brachydactyly, shortened ribs and a clover-leaf skull (kleeblattschaedel).

THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA TYPE 2 Is also known as thanatophoric dwarfism type 2|cloverleaf skull-micromelic bone dysplasia syndrome|thanatophoric dysplasia with kleeblattschaedel|thanatophoric dysplasia with straight femurs and cloverleaf skull|td2|cloverleaf skull with thanatophoric dwarfism|thanatophor

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Muscular hypotonia
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Metatropic dysplasia (MTD) is a rare spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by a long trunk and short limbs in infancy followed by severe and progressive kyphoscoliosis causing a reversal in proportions during childhood (short trunk and long limbs) and a final short stature in adulthood.

METATROPIC DYSPLASIA Is also known as metatropic dwarfism

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Cleft palate
• Cataract

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a severe short-limb dwarfism syndrome that is usually lethal in the perinatal period. Norman et al. (1992) classified cases of TD into subtypes based on the presence of curved as opposed to straight femurs; patients with straight, relatively long femurs always had associated severe cloverleaf skull and were designated TD type II (TD2), while TD cases with curved, short femurs with or without cloverleaf skull were designated TD type I (TD1) (Langer et al., 1987).

THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA, TYPE I; TD1 Is also known as thanatophoric dysplasia|lethal short-limbed platyspondylic dwarfism, san diego type|thanatophoric dwarfism|td|platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, san diego type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Osteocraniostenosis is a lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by a cloverleaf skull anomaly, facial dysmorphism, limb shortness, splenic hypo/aplasia and radiological anomalies including thin tubular bones with flared metaphyses and deficient calvarial mineralization.

OSTEOCRANIOSTENOSIS Is also known as habrodysplasia|osteocraniostenosis|gracile bone dysplasia|skeletal dysplasia, lethal, with gracile bones|osteocraniosplenic syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder defined by numerous centrally placed nuclei on muscle biopsy and clinical features of a congenital myopathy.

X-LINKED CENTRONUCLEAR MYOPATHY Is also known as x-linked myotubular myopathy|myotubular myopathy, x-linked|myotubular myopathy 1|xlmtm|mtmx|xlcnm|mtm1

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

The fetal akinesia/hypokinesia sequence (or Pena-Shokeir syndrome type I) is characterized by multiple joint contractures, facial anomalies and pulmonary hypoplasia. Whatever the cause, the common feature of this sequence is decreased foetal activity.

FETAL AKINESIA DEFORMATION SEQUENCE Is also known as arthrogryposis multiplex congenita-pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome|arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with pulmonary hypoplasia|fads|pena-shokeir syndrome type 1|fetal akinesia sequence|pena-shokeir syndrome, type i

• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Peters plus syndrome is an autosomal recessively inherited syndromic developmental defect of the eye (see this term) characterized by a variable phenotype including Peters anomaly (see this term) and other anterior chamber eye anomalies, short limbs, limb abnormalities (i.e. rhizomelia and brachydactyly), characteristic facial features (upper lip with cupid bow, short palpebral fissures), cleft lip/palate, and mild to severe developmental delay/intellectual disability. Other associated abnormalities reported in some patients include congenital heart defects (i.e. hypoplastic left heart, absence of right pulmonary vein, bicuspid pulmonary valve), genitourinary anomalies (hydronephrosis, renal hypoplasia, renal and ureteral duplication, multicystic dysplastic kidneys, glomerulocystic kidneys) and congenital hypothyroidism.

PETERS PLUS SYNDROME Is also known as peters anomaly with short-limb dwarfism|krause-kivlin syndrome|krause-van schooneveld-kivlin syndrome|peters anomaly with short limb dwarfism

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN