High palate, and Inguinal hernia

Hyperekplexia-4 is an autosomal recessive severe neurologic disorder apparent at birth. Affected infants have extreme hypertonia and appear stiff and rigid. They have little if any development, poor or absent visual contact, and no spontaneous movement, consistent with an encephalopathy. Some patients have early-onset refractory seizures, and many have inguinal or umbilical hernia. Most patients die in the first months of life due to respiratory failure or other complications (summary by Piard et al., 2018).For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hyperekplexia, see HKPX1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Flexion contracture
• High palate
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Monosomy 5p, also known as Cri du chat syndrome, is a rare autosomal deletion syndrome characterized by a mewing cry (cri du chat) in infancy, multiple congenital anomalies, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism.

MONOSOMY 5P Is also known as cri du chat syndrome|deletion 5p

• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch or descending aorta) in the absence of any other associated disease. Depending on the size, location and progression rate of dilatation/dissection, patients may be asymptomatic or may present dyspnea, cough, jaw, neck, chest or back pain, head, neck or upper limb edema, difficulty swallowing, voice hoarseness, pale skin, faint pulse and/or numbness/tingling in limbs. Patients have increased risk of presenting life threatening aortic rupture.

FAMILIAL THORACIC AORTIC ANEURYSM AND AORTIC DISSECTION Is also known as familial taad

• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Hypertension
• Dilatation
• Patent ductus arteriosus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

The musculocontractural type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is characterized by progressive multisystem fragility-related manifestations, including joint dislocations and deformities; skin hyperextensibility, bruisability, and fragility, with recurrent large subcutaneous hematomas; cardiac valvular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and ophthalmologic complications; and myopathy, featuring muscle hypoplasia, muscle weakness, and an abnormal muscle fiber pattern in histology in adulthood, resulting in gross motor developmental delay (summary by Muller et al., 2013).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of the musculocontractural type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, see EDSMC1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Hypertelorism
• Muscle weakness
• Abnormal facial shape
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

17p13.3 microduplication syndrome is characterized by variable psychomotor delay and dysmorphic features.

17P13.3 MICRODUPLICATION SYNDROME Is also known as 17p13.3 duplication syndrome|dup(17)(p13.3)|trisomy 17p13.3

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Arhinia-choanal atresia-microphthalmia is a malformation disorder characterized by complete or incomplete absence of nose (arrhinia), choanal atresia, microphthalmia, anophthalmia and cleft or high palate.

ARRHINIA-CHOANAL ATRESIA-MICROPHTHALMIA SYNDROME Is also known as arhinia, choanal atresia, microphthalmia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Cleft palate
• Cataract
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type II represents a spectrum of clinical entities with variable severity of cutis laxa, abnormal growth, developmental delay, and associated skeletal abnormalities. Aside from cutis laxa, persistent wide fontanels, frontal bossing, slight oxycephaly, downward-slanted palpebral fissures, reversed-V eyebrows, and dental caries are characteristic. Patients with ARCL2 can be divided into 2 major groups: ARCL2A, comprising those with a combined N- and O-linked glycosylation defect (CDG type II), and ARCL2B, those without a metabolic disorder (summary by Morava et al., 2009). Van Maldergem et al. (2008) concluded that ARCL2A should be considered more of a multisystem disorder with cobblestone-like brain dysgenesis manifesting as developmental delay and an epileptic neurodegenerative syndrome rather than purely a dermatologic disorder.For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (OMIM ). Genetic Heterogeneity of Cutis Laxa Type IIARCL2A is caused by mutation in the ATP6V0A2 gene. ARCL2B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PYCR1 gene (OMIM ). ARCL2C (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the ATP6V1E1 gene (OMIM ). ARCL2D (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the ATP6V1A gene (OMIM ).

CUTIS LAXA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE, TYPE IIA; ARCL2A Is also known as cutis laxa with growth and developmental delay|cutis laxa, debre type|cutis laxa with bone dystrophy|cutis laxa with joint laxity and retarded development|arcl2|cutis laxa with congenital disorder of glycosylation

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, mild to severe neurological manifestations (intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, dystonia), and urogenital anomalies (hypospadias, cryptorchidism, renal dysplasia, ambiguous genitalia). Additionally, skeletal anomalies (limb contractures, scoliosis), dysmorphic facial features (prominent supraorbital ridges, synophris, large eyes) and optic atrophy have been observed.

CORPUS CALLOSUM AGENESIS-ABNORMAL GENITALIA SYNDROME Is also known as proud syndrome|microcephaly-corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome|acc with abnormal genitalia|acc-abnormal genitalia syndrome|proud-levine-carpenter syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Brittle cornea syndrome is a form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by a severe ocular manifestations due to extreme corneal thinning and fragility with rupture in the absence of significant trauma, and progression to blindness. Extraocular manifestations comprise deafness, developmental hip dysplasia, and joint hypermobility.

• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate
• High palate

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN