Hepatomegaly, and Nail dystrophy

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis predominantly featuring painful palmoplantar keratoderma, thickened nails, cysts and whitish oral mucosa.

PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA Is also known as pc

• Cataract
• Cognitive impairment
• Hepatomegaly
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Abnormality of the dentition

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma characterized by a triad of erythroderma, lymphadenopathy and circulating atypical lymphocytes (Sézary cells).

SÉZARY SYNDROME Is also known as sÉzary lymphoma

• Neoplasm
• Abnormal facial shape
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis syndrome characterized by the association of non-hereditary GI polyposis with the cutaneous triad of alopecia, nail changes and hyperpigmentation.

CRONKHITE-CANADA SYNDROME Is also known as gastrointestinal polyposis-skin pigmentation-alopecia-fingernail changes syndrome|gastrointestinal polyposis-ectodermal changes syndrome|cronkhite-canada syndrome

• Seizures
• Neoplasm
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Cataract

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive
• Visual impairment
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare ectodermal dysplasia that often presents with the classic triad of nail dysplasia, skin pigmentary changes, and oral leukoplakia associated with a high risk of bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer.

DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA Is also known as dkc|dc|dyskeratosis congenita, scoggins type|zinsser-engman-cole syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Zimmermann-Laband syndrome (ZLS) is a rare disorder characterized by gingival fibromatosis, coarse facial appearance, and absence or hypoplasia of nails or terminal phalanges of hands and feet.

ZIMMERMANN-LABAND SYNDROME Is also known as laband syndrome|gingival fibromatosis-hepatosplenomegaly-other anomalies syndrome|fibromatosis, gingival, with abnormal fingers, fingernails, nose, and ears, and splenomegaly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a RASopathy characterized by craniofacial dysmorphology, congenital heart disease, dermatological abnormalities (most commonly hyperkeratotic skin and sparse, curly hair), growth retardation and intellectual disability.

CARDIOFACIOCUTANEOUS SYNDROME Is also known as cfcs|cfc syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of disorders of keratinization characterized primarily by abnormal skin scaling over the whole body. These disorders are limited to skin, with approximately two-thirds of patients presenting severe symptoms. The main skin phenotypes are lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE), although phenotypic overlap within the same patient or among patients from the same family can occur (summary by Fischer, 2009). Neither histopathologic findings nor ultrastructural features clearly distinguish between NCIE and LI. In addition, mutations in several genes have been shown to cause both lamellar and nonbullous ichthyosiform erythrodermal phenotypes (Akiyama et al., 2003). At the First Ichthyosis Consensus Conference in Soreze in 2009, the term 'autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis' (ARCI) was designated to encompass LI, NCIE, and harlequin ichthyosis (ARCI4B ) (Oji et al., 2010).NCIE is characterized by prominent erythroderma and fine white, superficial, semiadherent scales. Most patients present with collodion membrane at birth and have palmoplantar keratoderma, often with painful fissures, digital contractures, and loss of pulp volume. In half of the cases, a nail dystrophy including ridging, subungual hyperkeratosis, or hypoplasia has been described. Ectropion, eclabium, scalp involvement, and loss of eyebrows and lashes seem to be more frequent in NCIE than in lamellar ichthyosis (summary by Fischer et al., 2000). In LI, the scales are large, adherent, dark, and pigmented with no skin erythema. Overlapping phenotypes may depend on the age of the patient and the region of the body. The terminal differentiation of the epidermis is perturbed in both forms, leading to a reduced barrier function and defects of lipid composition in the stratum corneum (summary by Lefevre et al., 2006).In later life, the skin in ARCI may have scales that cover the entire body surface, including the flexural folds, and the scales are highly variable in size and color. Erythema may be very mild and almost invisible. Some affected persons exhibit scarring alopecia, and many have secondary anhidrosis (summary by Eckl et al., 2005).For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, see ARCI1 (OMIM ).

ICHTHYOSIS, CONGENITAL, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 4A; ARCI4A Is also known as ichthyosis, lamellar, 2, formerly|ichthyosis congenita iib|li2, formerly|icr2b

• Flexion contracture
• Alopecia
• Hyperkeratosis
• Hepatosplenomegaly
• Abnormality of the nervous system

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Tangier disease (TD) is a rare lipoprotein metabolism disorder characterized biochemically by an almost complete absence of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and clinically by liver, spleen, lymph node and tonsil enlargement along with peripheral neuropathy in children and adolescents, and, occasionally, cardiovascular disease in adults.

TANGIER DISEASE Is also known as defective adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter a1|analphalipoproteinemia|atp-binding cassette transporter a1 deficiency

• Anemia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Abdominal pain
• Hepatosplenomegaly
• Distal muscle weakness

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Poikiloderma with neutropenia is a rare, genetic hereditary poikiloderma disorder characterized by early-onset poikiloderma (which typically begins in the extremities, progresses centripetally and eventually involves the trunk, face and ears) associated with chronic neutropenia, recurrent infections, pachyonychia and palmoplantar keratoderma. Growth and/or develomental delay and hepato- and/or splenomegaly are additional reported features.

POIKILODERMA WITH NEUTROPENIA Is also known as poikiloderma with neutropenia, clericuzio type|poikiloderma with neutropenia, clericuzio-type

• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cataract
• Depressed nasal bridge

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN