Hearing impairment, and Prominent forehead

Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).Patients with antenatal (or neonatal) forms of Bartter syndrome typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome (see BARTS3, {607364}) present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see {607364}.

BARTTER SYNDROME, TYPE 4A, NEONATAL, WITH SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS; BARTS4A Is also known as bartter syndrome, neonatal, with sensorineural deafness|bsnd

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. OI type XII is an autosomal recessive form characterized by recurrent fractures, mild bone deformations, generalized osteoporosis, delayed teeth eruption, progressive hearing loss, no dentinogenesis imperfecta, and white sclerae (summary by Lapunzina et al., 2010).

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA, TYPE XII; OI12 Is also known as oi, type xii

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Micrognathia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to DNA-PKcs deficiency is an extremely rare type of SCID (see this term) characterized by the classical signs of SCID (severe and recurrent infections, diarrhea, failure to thrive), absence of T and B lymphocytes, and cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation.

SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY DUE TO DNA-PKCS DEFICIENCY Is also known as scid due to dna-pkcs deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 25 is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder with decreased respiratory complex I and IV enzyme activities, characterized by hypotonia, global developmental delay, neonatal onset of progressive pectus carinatum without other skeletal abnormalities, poor growth, sensorineural hearing loss, dysmorphic features and brain abnormalities such as cerebral atrophy, quadriventricular dilatation and thin corpus callosum posteriorly.

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 25 Is also known as coxpd25

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is an osteochondrodysplasia characterized by hyperostosis and sclerosis of the craniofacial bones associated with abnormal modeling of the metaphyses. Sclerosis of the skull may lead to asymmetry of the mandible, as well as to cranial nerve compression, that may finally result in hearing loss and facial palsy (summary by Nurnberg et al., 1997).The delineation of separate autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive (CMDR ) forms of CMD by Gorlin et al. (1969) was confirmed by reports that made it evident that the dominant form is relatively mild and comparatively common, while the recessive form is rare, severe, and possibly heterogeneous.

CRANIOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; CMDD Is also known as cmdj|cmd|craniometaphyseal dysplasia, jackson type

• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Feeding difficulties
• Wide nasal bridge

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Coffin-Siris syndrome-7 is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with mild to moderate intellectual disability, speech impairment, behavioral abnormalities, poor overall growth, coarse facial features, and hypoplastic fifth toenails (summary by Vasileiou et al., 2018).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Coffin-Siris syndrome, see CSS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Steel syndrome is characterized by characteristic facies, dislocated hips and radial heads, carpal coalition (fusion of carpal bones), short stature, scoliosis, and cervical spine anomalies. The dislocated hips are resistant to surgical intervention (summary by Flynn et al., 2010).

STEEL SYNDROME Is also known as bilateral hip and radial head dislocations-short stature-scoliosis-carpal coalitions-pes cavus-facial dysmorphism syndrome|dislocated hips and radial heads, carpal coalition, scoliosis, and short stature

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

DeSanto-Shinawi syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent in infancy or early childhood and associated with characteristic dysmorphic facial features, such as broad forehead, depressed nasal bridge with bulbous nasal tip, and deep-set eyes. Most patients also have gastrointestinal and mild ocular abnormalities, as well as behavioral problems (summary by DeSanto et al., 2015).

FACIAL DYSMORPHISM-DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY-BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES SYNDROME DUE TO WAC POINT MUTATION Is also known as developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, facial dysmorphism, and ocular abnormalities

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

FG syndrome-4 is an X-linked recessive mental retardation syndrome characterized by congenital hypotonia, constipation, behavioral disturbances, and dysmorphic features (summary by Piluso et al., 2003).The name 'FG' derives from the first description of the disorder (FGS1 ) by Opitz and Kaveggia (1974), who named it 'FG syndrome' according to the Opitz system of using initials of patients' surnames. For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of FG syndrome, see FGS1 (OMIM ).FGS4 is typically associated with missense or hypomorphic mutations in the CASK gene. See also the more severe disorder MICPCH (OMIM ), an allelic disorder caused by complete loss-of-function mutations in the CASK gene (Tarpey et al., 2009).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

IMAGe syndrome is characterized by the association of Intrauterine growth retardation, Metaphyseal dysplasia (and short limbs), Adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and Genital anomalies. It has been described in less than 20 cases. The patients also present with dysmorphic features (frontal bossing, broad nasal bridge, low-set ears). In boys, genital anomalies include bilateral cryptorchidism, hypospadias, micropenis, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This syndrome is likely to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.

IMAGE SYNDROME Is also known as intrauterine growth retardation-metaphyseal dysplasia-adrenal hypoplasia congenita-genital anomalies syndrome|image syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN