Hearing impairment, and Hepatic fibrosis

MEDNIK syndrome, previously known as Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis type 3 (EKV3), is characterized by intellectual deficit, enteropathy, sensorineural hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy, lamellar and erythrodermic ichthyosis, and keratodermia (MEDNIK stands for Mental retardation, Enteropathy, Deafness, peripheral Neuropathy, Ichtyosis, Keratodermia).

MEDNIK SYNDROME Is also known as intellectual disability-enteropathy-deafness-peripheral neuropathy-ichthyosis-keratodermia syndrome|ekv3|erythrokeratodermia variabilis, kamouraska type|erythrokeratodermia variabilis 3

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive liver disorders characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease before adulthood (Alonso et al., 1994; Whitington et al., 1994; Klomp et al., 2004). Genetic Heterogeneity of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic CholestasisPFIC is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by defects in the transport of bile acids. See also PFIC2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in a liver-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter gene (ABCB11 ) on chromosome 2q24; PFIC3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the class III multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein gene (ABCB4 ) on chromosome 7q21; PFIC4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TJP2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 9q12; and PFIC5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NR1H4 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12q.PFIC1 and PFIC2 are associated with mildly elevated or normal serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; see {612346}), whereas PFIC3 is associated with high serum GGT levels and liver histology that shows portal inflammation and ductular proliferation in an early stage ({27,26:Maggiore et al., 1987, 1991}). PFIC4 is associated with normal or mildly increased GGT levels (Sambrotta et al., 2014). PFIC5 is associated with low to normal GGT levels.There are also several phenotypically similar liver disorders that result from congenital defects in bile acid synthesis. See CBAS1 (OMIM ).

CHOLESTASIS, PROGRESSIVE FAMILIAL INTRAHEPATIC, 1; PFIC1 Is also known as byler disease

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-4B is an autosomal recessive progressive multisystem disorder clinically characterized by chronic gastrointestinal dysmotility and pseudoobstruction, cachexia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), axonal sensory ataxic neuropathy, and muscle weakness (van Goethem et al., 2003).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive mtDNA depletion syndromes, see MTDPS1 (OMIM ).

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DEPLETION SYNDROME 4B (MNGIE TYPE); MTDPS4B Is also known as mngie, polg-related|mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome, polg-related

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Laurence-Moon syndrome (LMS) is a very rare genetic multisystemic disorder characterized by pituitary dysfunction, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, spastic paraplegia, and chorioretinal dystrophy.

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy with multisystem involvement.

BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME Is also known as bbs

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive congenital condition characterized by a unique brainstem and cerebellar malformation comprising cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and/or dysplasia, elongated superior cerebellar peduncles, and deepened interpeduncular fossa, which together are recognized as the 'molar tooth sign' on brain MRI. The most common clinical features include delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia, abnormal respiratory patterns in the neonatal period, oculomotor apraxia, and cerebellar ataxia. Additional features may include retinal degeneration, cystic kidney, liver fibrosis, and polydactyly. It is caused by ciliary defects and is part of a spectrum of disorders known as 'ciliopathies' (summary by Akizu et al., 2014).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Glycogen storage disease III is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of the glycogen debrancher enzyme and associated with an accumulation of abnormal glycogen with short outer chains. Most patients are enzyme-deficient in both liver and muscle (IIIa), but about 15% are enzyme-deficient in liver only (IIIb) (Shen et al., 1996). These subtypes have been explained by differences in tissue expression of the deficient enzyme (Endo et al., 2006). In rare cases, selective loss of only 1 of the 2 debranching activities, glucosidase or transferase, results in type IIIc or IIId, respectively. (Van Hoof and Hers, 1967; Ding et al., 1990).Clinically, patients with GSD III present in infancy or early childhood with hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, and growth retardation. Muscle weakness in those with IIIa is minimal in childhood but can become more severe in adults; some patients develop cardiomyopathy (Shen et al., 1996).Lucchiari et al. (2007) provided a review of GSD III.

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE DUE TO GLYCOGEN BRANCHING ENZYME DEFICIENCY, CHILDHOOD COMBINED HEPATIC AND MYOPATHIC FORM Is also known as glycogenosis type iv, childhood combined hepatic and myopathic form|gde deficiency|glycogen storage disease type iv, childhood combined hepatic and myopathic form|gsd type 4, childhood combined hepatic and myopathic form|glycogenosis due to glycogen branc

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Senior-Loken syndrome (SLSN) is a very rare autosomal recessive oculo-renal disease characterized by the association of nephronophthisis (NPHP), a chronic kidney disease, with retinal dystrophy.

SENIOR-LOKEN SYNDROME Is also known as renal-retinal syndrome|juvenile nephronophthisis with leber amaurosis|loken-senior syndrome|renal dysplasia-retinal aplasia syndrome|nephronophthisis with retinal dystrophy|slsn|renal dysplasia and retinal aplasia|senior-loken syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

INFANTILE MULTISYSTEM NEUROLOGIC-ENDOCRINE-PANCREATIC DISEASE Is also known as imnepd

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

A syndrome associating neonatal diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism, congenital glaucoma, hepatopathy evolving to fibrosis and polykystic kidneys has been described in two sibs. Minor facial anomalies were also observed. Two other families presented incomplete forms of this syndrome. Mutations in GLIS3 encoding for the transcription factor GLI similar 3 seem to be responsible of the syndrome.

NEONATAL DIABETES-CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM-CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA-HEPATIC FIBROSIS-POLYCYSTIC KIDNEYS SYNDROME Is also known as ndh syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN