Hearing impairment, and Gliosis

Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IE is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by adult onset of progressive peripheral sensory loss associated with progressive hearing impairment and early-onset dementia (summary by Klein et al., 2011).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of HSN, see HSAN1A (OMIM ).

HEREDITARY SENSORY NEUROPATHY-DEAFNESS-DEMENTIA SYNDROME Is also known as hsn ie|hsn1e|hereditary sensory neuropathy-sensorineural hearing loss-dementia syndrome|hsan1e|neuropathy, hereditary sensory, with hearing loss and dementia

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Pain

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Otofaciocervical syndrome (OTFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by facial anomalies, cup-shaped low-set ears, preauricular fistulas, hearing loss, branchial defects, skeletal anomalies including vertebral defects, low-set clavicles, winged scapulae, sloping shoulders, and mild intellectual disability (summary by Pohl et al., 2013).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of otofaciocervical syndrome, see OTFCS1 (OMIM ).

OTOFACIOCERVICAL SYNDROME 2; OTFCS2 Is also known as ofc2

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Low-set ears
• Downslanted palpebral fissures
• Abnormality of the skeletal system

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome (MTS) is an X-linked recessive neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by clinical manifestations commencing with early childhood onset hearing loss, followed by adolescent onset progressive dystonia or ataxia, visual impairment from early adulthood onwards and dementia from the 4th decade onwards.

MOHR-TRANEBJAERG SYNDROME Is also known as deafness syndrome, progressive, with blindness, dystonia, fractures, and mental deficiency|deafness-dystonia-optic atrophy syndrome|deafness-dystonia-optic neuronopathy syndrome|dystonia-deafness syndrome|ddon syndrome|opticoacoustic nerve atrophy with de

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Spasticity
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND) is a type of frontotemporal lobar degeneration characterized by the insidious onset (between the ages of 38-78 years) of dementia-associated psychiatric symptoms (e.g. personality changes, uninhibited behavior, irritability, aggressiveness), memory difficulties, global intellectual impairment, emotional disorders and transcortical motor aphasia that eventually leads to mutism, in addition to the manifestations of motor neuron disease such as neurogenic muscular wasting (similar to what is seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; see this term). The disease is progressive, with death occurring 2-5 years after onset.

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA WITH MOTOR NEURON DISEASE Is also known as frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis|frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis|ftd-mnd|ftdmnd|ftd-als|amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia|alsftd|frontotemporal dementia and/or motor neuron

• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Ptosis
• Cognitive impairment
• Dysarthria

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSSS) is a particular and rare form of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) due to a defective gene encoding the prion protein (PRNP gene) and marked by particular multicentric amyloid plaques in the brain.

GERSTMANN-STRAUSSLER-SCHEINKER SYNDROME Is also known as gerstmann-straussler-scheinker disease|prion dementia|subacute spongiform encephalopathy, gerstmann-straussler type|encephalopathy, subacute spongiform, gerstmann-straussler type|amyloidosis, cerebral, with spongiform encephalopathy|cerebellar ataxia, pro

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Spasticity

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

The disorders involving primarily the cerebellar parenchyma have been classified into six forms. In cerebelloparenchymal disorder III, cerebellar ataxia is congenital (non-progressive) and characterized by cerebellar symptoms such as incoordination of gait often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech and eye movements. The other features are congenital mental retardation and hypotonia, in addition to other neurological and non-neurological features. MRI or CT scan show marked atrophy of the vermis and hemispheres. A severe loss of granule cells with heterotopic Purkinje cells is observed. The mode of inheritance in the few reported families is autosomal recessive. In one family, cerebellar ataxia was associated to albinism.: In a large inbred Lebanese family the disease locus was assigned to a 12.1-cM interval on chromosome 9q34-qter between markers D9S67 and D9S312. The primary biochemical defect remains unknown. Up to now, the only treatment has consisted in early interventional therapies including intensive speech therapy and adequate stimulation and/or training.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CEREBELLOPARENCHYMAL DISORDER TYPE 3 Is also known as cpd iii|scar2|cpd3|cerebellar granular cell hypoplasia and mental retardation, congenital|autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 2|cerebellar hypoplasia, nonprogressive norman type|cerebelloparenchymal disorder iii

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 14 is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by neonatal or infancy-onset of seizures that are refractory to treatment, delayed or absent psychomotor development and lactic acidosis. Additional manifestations reported include poor feeding, failure to thrive, microcephaly, hypotonia, anemia and thrombocytopenia.

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 14 Is also known as coxpd14

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

'Behr syndrome' is a clinical term that refers to the constellation of early-onset optic atrophy accompanied by neurologic features, including ataxia, pyramidal signs, spasticity, and mental retardation (Behr, 1909; Thomas et al., 1984).Patients with mutations in genes other than OPA1 can present with clinical features reminiscent of Behr syndrome. Mutations in one of these genes, OPA3 (OMIM ), result in type III 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (MGCA3 ). Lerman-Sagie (1995) noted that the abnormal urinary pattern in MGCA3 may not be picked up by routine organic acid analysis, suggesting that early reports of Behr syndrome with normal metabolic features may actually have been 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III.

BEHR SYNDROME; BEHRS Is also known as optic atrophy, infantile hereditary, with neurologic abnormalities

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a primarily neurological form of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (see this term) characterized by psychomotor retardation, cerebellar ataxia and variable macrocephaly or epilepsy.

L-2-HYDROXYGLUTARIC ACIDURIA Is also known as l-2-hga|l-2-hydroxyglutaric acidemia

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and a variety of cranial nerve palsies, usually involving the motor components of the seventh and ninth to twelfth (more rarely the third, fifth, and sixth) cranial nerves. Spinal motor nerves and, less commonly, upper motor neurons are sometimes affected, giving a picture resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS ). The onset of the disease is usually in the second decade, but earlier and later onset have been reported. Hearing loss tends to precede the onset of neurologic signs, mostly progressive muscle weakness causing respiratory compromise. However, patients with very early onset may present with bulbar palsy and may not develop hearing loss until later. The symptoms, severity, and disease duration are variable (summary by Green et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere SyndromeSee also BVVLS2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SLC52A2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 8q.

BROWN-VIALETTO-VAN LAERE SYNDROME 1; BVVLS1 Is also known as bulbar palsy, progressive, with sensorineural deafness|pontobulbar palsy with deafness

• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN