Hearing impairment, and Dehydration

Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (AR dRTA) is an inherited form of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA; see this term) characterized by hypokalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Deafness often occurs either early or later on in life but may be absent or never be diagnosed.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISTAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS Is also known as autosomal recessive distal rta|rta, distal, autosomal recessive|ar drta|renal tubular acidosis, autosomal recessive, with preserved hearing

• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Vomiting

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).Patients with antenatal (or neonatal) forms of Bartter syndrome (e.g., BARTS1, {601678}) typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see {607364}.

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS, DISTAL, WITH PROGRESSIVE NERVE DEAFNESS Is also known as rta with progressive nerve deafness|renal tubular acidosis with progressive nerve deafness|renal tubular acidosis, autosomal recessive, with progressive nerve deafness

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Vomiting

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Familial cold urticaria (FCAS) is the mildest form of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS; see this term) and is characterized by recurrent episodes of urticaria-like skin rash triggered by exposure to cold associated with low-grade fever, general malaise, eye redness and arthralgia/myalgia.

FAMILIAL COLD URTICARIA Is also known as fcas|familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome|fcu

• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Hyperhidrosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Reticular dysgenesis is the most severe form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID; see this term) and is characterized by bilateral sensorineural deafness and a lack of innate and adaptive immune functions leading to fatal septicemia within days after birth if not treated.

RETICULAR DYSGENESIS Is also known as congenital aleukia|scid with leukopenia|de vaal disease|hematopoietic hypoplasia, generalized|reticular dysgenesia|congenital aleukocytosis|severe combined immunodeficiency with leukopenia|ak2 deficiency|aleukocytosis|generalized hematopoietic hypoplasia

• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Anemia
• Fever
• Diarrhea

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).Patients with antenatal (or neonatal) forms of Bartter syndrome typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome (see BARTS3, {607364}) present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see {607364}.

BARTTER SYNDROME, TYPE 4A, NEONATAL, WITH SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS; BARTS4A Is also known as bartter syndrome, neonatal, with sensorineural deafness|bsnd

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital adrenal hypoplasia (AHC) is a rare disorder that can be inherited in an X-linked or autosomal recessive (see {240200}) pattern. In X-linked AHC, primary adrenocortical failure occurs because the adrenal glands lack the permanent adult cortical zone. The remaining cells are termed 'cytomegalic' because they are larger than typical fetal adrenal cells (Hay et al., 1981; Reutens et al., 1999).Patients with AHC usually present in early infancy with primary adrenal failure. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG) is a hallmark of the disorder, and is recognized during adolescence because of the absence or interruption of normal pubertal development. Abnormal spermatogenesis has also been observed in these patients. Milder forms of the disease have been described, with adrenal insufficiency sometimes occurring in childhood or even early adulthood. A few cases of partial HHG have been reported (summary by Raffin-Sanson et al., 2013). Transient precocious sexual development in infancy or early childhood can be a prominent feature of AHC (Landau et al., 2010).A contiguous gene syndrome involving a combination of congenital adrenal hypoplasia, glycerol kinase deficiency (OMIM ), and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD ) is caused by deletion of multiple genes on chromosome Xp21 (see {300679}).

CYTOMEGALIC CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPOPLASIA Is also known as ahch|cytomegalic adrenocortical hypoplasia|x-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia|adrenal hypoplasia, congenital, with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism|ahc with isolated gonadotropin deficiency|addison disease, x-linked|ahx|ahc with hhg

• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Cryptorchidism
• Vomiting

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is a monogenic form of neonatal diabetes (NDM, see this term) characterized by persistent hyperglycemia within the first 12 months of life in general, requiring continuous insulin treatment.

PERMANENT NEONATAL DIABETES MELLITUS Is also known as monogenic diabetes of infancy|pndm

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a genetically heterogeneous form of neonatal diabetes (NDM, see this term) characterized by hyperglycemia presenting in the neonatal period that remits during infancy but recurs in later life in most patients.

TRANSIENT NEONATAL DIABETES MELLITUS Is also known as tndm3|tndm

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

HSD10 mitochondrial disease most commonly presents as an X-linked neurodegenerative disorder with highly variable severity and age at onset ranging from the neonatal period to early childhood. The features are usually multisystemic, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Some affected males have a severe infantile form associated with cardiomyopathy that may result in death in early childhood, whereas other rare patients may have juvenile onset or even atypical presentations with normal neurologic development. More severely affected males show developmental regression in infancy or early childhood, often associated with early-onset intractable seizures, progressive choreoathetosis and spastic tetraplegia, optic atrophy or retinal degeneration resulting in visual loss, and mental retardation. Heterozygous females may show non-progressive developmental delay and intellectual disability, but may also be clinically normal. Although the diagnosis can be aided by the observation of increased urinary levels of metabolites of isoleucine breakdown (2-methyl-3 hydroxybutyrate and tiglylglycine), there is not a correlation between these laboratory features and the phenotype. In addition, patients do not develop severe metabolic crises in the neonatal period as observed in other organic acidurias, but may show persistent lactic acidosis, most likely reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction (summary by Rauschenberger et al., 2010; review by Zschocke, 2012).In a review of the disorder, Zschocke (2012) noted that although this disorder was originally thought to be an inborn error of branched-chain fatty acid and isoleucine metabolism resulting from decreased HSD17B10 dehydrogenase activity (HSD17B10 'deficiency'), subsequent studies have shown that the HSD17B10 gene product has additional functions and also acts as a component of the mitochondrial RNase P holoenzyme, which is involved in mitochondrial tRNA processing and maturation and ultimately mitochondrial protein synthesis. The multisystemic features of HSD10MD most likely result from the adverse effect of HSD17B10 mutations on mitochondrial function, rather than from the effects on the dehydrogenase activity (see PATHOGENESIS below).

HSD10 MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE; HSD10MD Is also known as hsd17b10 deficiency|mhbd deficiency|2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency|camr|mental retardation with chorioathetosis and abnormal behavior|mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic 10|17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase x deficiency|chor

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN