Global developmental delay, and Tachycardia

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-23 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early childhood onset of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or neurologic symptoms, including hypotonia and delayed psychomotor development. Laboratory investigations are consistent with a defect in mitochondrial function resulting in lactic acidosis, impaired activities of respiratory complexes I and IV, and defective translation of mitochondrial proteins. Brain imaging shows abnormal lesions in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem. The severity of the disorder is variable, ranging from death in early infancy to survival into the second decade (summary by Kopajtich et al., 2014).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (OMIM ).

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 23 Is also known as coxpd23

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

HyHyperinsulism due to UCP2 deficiency (HIUCP2) is a form of diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism (DHI, see this term) characterized by hypoglycemic episodes from the neonatal period, a good clinical response to diazoxide and a probable transient nature of the disease with spontaneous resolution.

HYPERINSULINISM DUE TO UCP2 DEFICIENCY Is also known as hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to ucp2 deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Cognitive impairment
• Hepatomegaly
• Vomiting

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Familial non-autoimmune autosomal dominant hyperthyroidism (FNAH) is a rare hyperthyroidism (see this term) characterized by mild to severe hyperthyroidism, presence of goiter, absence of features of autoimmunity, frequent relapses while on treatment and a positive family history.

FAMILIAL HYPERTHYROIDISM DUE TO MUTATIONS IN TSH RECEPTOR Is also known as hyperthyroidism, nonautoimmune, autosomal dominant|toxic thyroid hyperplasia, autosomal dominant|familial non-immune hyperthyroidism|resistance to thyroid stimulating hormone|hyperthyroidism, congenital nonautoimmune

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Delayed speech and language development
• Motor delay
• Diarrhea

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

LINEAR SKIN DEFECTS WITH MULTIPLE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 3; LSDMCA3 Is also known as linear skin defects with cardiomyopathy and other congenital anomalies

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

NEDIM is a neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development and infantile or childhood onset of hyperkinetic involuntary movements, including chorea and athetosis. The abnormal movements can be severe, sometimes resulting in inability to sit, walk, speak, or eat. Hyperkinetic movements can be exacerbated by specific triggers, such as stress, illness, or high temperature. Some patients have brain abnormalities, such as cerebral atrophy or thin corpus callosum, and some patients may develop seizures (summary by Ananth et al., 2016 and Danti et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism due to SUR1 deficiency is a form of diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism (DHI), characterized by hypoglycemic epiosodes that are usually mild, escaping detection during infancy and usually a good clinical response to diazoxide. Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism due to SUR1 deficiency usually has a milder phenotype when compared to that resulting from recessive K-ATP mutations (recessive forms of Diazoxide-resistant hyperinsulinism, see this term).

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT HYPERINSULINISM DUE TO SUR1 DEFICIENCY Is also known as autosomal dominant hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to sur1 deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Cognitive impairment
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency is a form of diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism (DHI) characterized by hypoglycemic epiosodes that are usually mild, escaping detection during infancy, and usually a good clinical response to diazoxide, (but some are diazoxide resistant). Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency usually has a milder phenotype when compared to that resulting from recessive K+ (K-ATP) channel mutations (Recessive forms of diazoxide-resistant hyperinsulinism, see this term).

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT HYPERINSULINISM DUE TO KIR6.2 DEFICIENCY Is also known as dominant katp hyperinsulinism due to kir6.2 deficiency|autosomal dominant hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to kir6.2 deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Cognitive impairment
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Encephalopathy due to hydroxykynureninuria is characterised by psychomotor retardation and nonprogressive encephalopathy associated with urinary excretion of large amounts of kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and xanthurenic acid. It has been described in less than 30 patients. Other manifestations may include muscular hypertonia, headaches and stereotyped gestures. This disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is caused by a defect in kynureninase, an enzyme of the tryptophane catabolic pathway.

HYDROXYKYNURENINURIA Is also known as kynureninase deficiency, partial|kynureninase deficiency|xanthurenic aciduria

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VI is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, respiratory and feeding difficulties, lack of psychomotor development, and autonomic abnormalities including labile cardiovascular function, lack of corneal reflexes leading to corneal scarring, areflexia, and absent axonal flare response after intradermal histamine injection (summary by Edvardson et al., 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, see HSAN1 (OMIM ).

HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY TYPE 6 Is also known as familial dysautonomia with contractures|hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type vi|hsan6|hsan vi

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with lactic acidosis due to MTO1 deficiency is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder with complex I and IV deficiency characterized by lactic acidosis, hypotonia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and global developmental delay. Other clinical features include feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, seizures, optic atrophy and ataxia.

MITOCHONDRIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH LACTIC ACIDOSIS DUE TO MTO1 DEFICIENCY Is also known as cardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophic mitochondrial, and lactic acidosis|coxpd10|combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 10

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN