Global developmental delay, and Hepatosplenomegaly

Hemolytic anemia due to adenylate kinase deficiency is a rare hemolytic anemia due to an erythrocyte nucleotide metabolism disorder characterized by moderate to severe chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that may require regular blood transfusions and/or splenectomy and may be associated with psychomotor impairment.

• Global developmental delay
• Anemia
• Hepatosplenomegaly
• Hemolytic anemia
• Nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a hyperinflammatory disorder clinically diagnosed based on the fulfillment of 5 of 8 criteria, including fever, splenomegaly, bicytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia, hemophagocytosis, low or absent natural killer (NK) cell activity, hyperferritinemia, and high soluble IL2 receptor levels (IL2R ). The disorder typically presents in infancy or early childhood. Persistent remission is rarely achieved with chemo- or immunotherapy; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only cure (summary by Muller et al., 2014).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), see {267700}.

HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS, FAMILIAL, 4; FHL4 Is also known as hlh4|hplh4

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome-3 (HKKLLS3) is characterized by widespread congenital edema that is more severe in more dependent areas of the body. Associated features include facial dysmorphism and protein-losing enteropathy of variable severity (Brouillard et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome, see HKLLS1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Hypertelorism
• Strabismus
• Abnormal facial shape
• Edema

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

COG2-CDG Is also known as cdgiiq|cdg iiq|cog2-related congenital disorder of glycosylation

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
• Cerebral atrophy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

The overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD) represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. The clinical course of patients with the NALD and IRD presentation is variable and may include developmental delay, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss, retinal dystrophy, and visual impairment. Children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, and those with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood (summary by Waterham and Ebberink, 2012).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PBD(NALD/IRD), see {601539}.Individuals with mutations in the PEX13 gene have cells of complementation group 13 (CG13, equivalent to CGH). For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}.

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

FAMILIAL APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II DEFICIENCY Is also known as apoc2 deficiency|hyperlipoproteinemia, type ib|familial apoc-ii deficiency|c-ii anapolipoproteinemia

• Global developmental delay
• Pain
• Hepatomegaly
• Macrocephaly
• Splenomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIo (CDG2O) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by infantile onset of progressive liver failure, hypotonia, and delayed psychomotor development. Laboratory abnormalities include elevated liver enzymes, coagulation factor deficiencies, hypercholesterolemia, and low ceruloplasmin. Serum isoelectric focusing of proteins shows a combined defect of N- and O-glycosylation, suggestive of a Golgi defect (summary by Jansen et al., 2016).For a general discussion of CDGs, see CDG1A (OMIM ).

CCDC115-CDG Is also known as cdgiio|carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type iio|congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2o|cdg-iio|cdg syndrome type iio|cdg iio|cdg2o|congenital disorder of glycosylation type iio

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ptosis
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Severe congenital neutropenia-3 is an autosomal recessive bone marrow failure disorder characterized by low numbers of neutrophils, increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, and increased risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, patients with HAX1 mutations affecting both isoform A and B of the gene develop neurologic abnormalities (summary by Boztug et al., 2010).The Swedish physician Rolf Kostmann (1956) described an autosomal recessive hematologic disorder, termed infantile agranulocytosis, with severe neutropenia with an absolute neutrophil count below 0.5 x 10(9)/l and early onset of severe bacterial infections. The disorder was later termed Kostmann syndrome (Skokowa et al., 2007). Lekstrom-Himes and Gallin (2000) discussed severe congenital neutropenia in a review of immunodeficiencies caused by defects in phagocytes.In addition to Kostmann agranulocytosis, recessively inherited neutropenic syndromes include congenital neutropenia with eosinophilia (OMIM ), Chediak-Higashi syndrome (OMIM ), and Fanconi pancytopenic syndrome (see {227650}).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of severe congenital neutropenia, see SCN1 (OMIM ).

NEUTROPENIA, SEVERE CONGENITAL, 3, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE; SCN3 Is also known as agranulocytosis, infantile|kostmann disease

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-21 is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of cerebellar ataxia associated with cerebellar atrophy in early childhood. Affected individuals also have recurrent episodes of liver failure in the first decade, resulting in chronic liver fibrosis, as well as later onset of a peripheral neuropathy. Mild learning disabilities may also occur (summary by Schmidt et al., 2015).

ACUTE INFANTILE LIVER FAILURE-CEREBELLAR ATAXIA-PERIPHERAL SENSORY MOTOR NEUROPATHY SYNDROME Is also known as spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 21, with hepatopathy|autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 21|scar21

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Spasticity

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

A rare, genetic, neurological disease characterized by association of macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features and psychomotor delay leading to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Facial dysmorphism may include frontal bossing, hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, depressed nasal bridge, short nose, and long philtrum.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm
• Depressed nasal bridge

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN