Global developmental delay, and Glomerulonephritis

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities of the brain, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by these 4 features, which begin in early childhood and are progressive (summary by Moalem et al., 2015).

HYPOTRICHOSIS-LYMPHEDEMA-TELANGIECTASIA-RENAL DEFECT SYNDROME; HLTRS Is also known as glomerulonephritis with sparse hair and telangiectases|telangiectatic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

• Global developmental delay
• Abnormal facial shape
• Hypertension
• Epicanthus
• Wide nasal bridge

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

PGM3-CDG is a rare congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by mutations in the PGM3 gene and characterized by neonatal to childhood onset of recurrent bacterial and viral infections, inflammatory skin diseases, atopic dermatitis and atopic diatheses, and marked serum IgE elevation. Early neurologic impairment is evident including developmental delay, intellectual disability, ataxia, dysarthria, sensorineural hearing loss, myoclonus and seizures.

PGM3-CDG Is also known as cid due to pgm3 deficiency|immunodeficiency with hyper ige and cognitive impairment|pgm3-related congenital disorder of glycosylation|combined immunodeficiency due to pgm3 deficiency|immunodeficiency-vasculitis-myoclonus syndrome|ivms

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Primary CoQ10 deficiency is a rare, clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in any of the genes encoding proteins directly involved in the synthesis of coenzyme Q (review by Quinzii and Hirano, 2011). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), or ubiquinone, is a mobile lipophilic electron carrier critical for electron transfer by the mitochondrial inner membrane respiratory chain (Duncan et al., 2009).The disorder has been associated with 5 major phenotypes, but the molecular basis has not been determined in most patients with the disorder and there are no clear genotype/phenotype correlations. The phenotypes include an encephalomyopathic form with seizures and ataxia (Ogasahara et al., 1989); a multisystem infantile form with encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy and renal failure (Rotig et al., 2000); a predominantly cerebellar form with ataxia and cerebellar atrophy (Lamperti et al., 2003); Leigh syndrome with growth retardation (van Maldergem et al., 2002); and an isolated myopathic form (Lalani et al., 2005). The correct diagnosis is important because some patients may show a favorable response to CoQ10 treatment. Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Coenzyme Q10 DeficiencySee also COQ10D2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PDSS1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 10p12; COQ10D3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PDSS2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 6q21; COQ10D4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ8 gene (ADCK3 ) on chromosome 1q42; COQ10D5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ9 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16q21; COQ10D6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ6 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 14q24; COQ10D7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ4 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 9q34; and COQ10D8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ7 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16p13.Secondary CoQ10 deficiency has been reported in association with glutaric aciduria type IIC (MADD ), caused by mutation in the ETFDH gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 4q, and with ataxia-oculomotor apraxia syndrome-1 (AOA1 ), caused by mutation in the APTX gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 9p13.

COENZYME Q10 DEFICIENCY, PRIMARY, 1; COQ10D1 Is also known as ubiquinone deficiency 1|coq10 deficiency, primary, 1|coq deficiency 1|coenzyme q deficiency 1

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hyperprolinaemia type I is an inborn error of proline metabolism characterised by elevated levels of proline in the plasma and urine. The prevalence is unknown. The disorder is generally considered to be benign but associations with renal abnormalities, epileptic seizures, and other neurological manifestations, as well as certain forms of schizophrenia have been reported. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and is caused by mutations in the proline dehydrogenase or proline oxidase gene (PRODH or POX, 22q11.2).

HYPERPROLINEMIA TYPE 1 Is also known as hpi|proline oxidase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

NEPHRONOPHTHISIS 2; NPHP2 Is also known as nph2

• Global developmental delay
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Respiratory insufficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Senior-Loken syndrome-9 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset nephronophthisis and pigmentary retinopathy. Additional more variable features can include liver defects, skeletal anomalies, and obesity (summary by Bizet et al., 2015).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Senior-Loken syndrome, see {266900}.

• Global developmental delay
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Abnormality of the skeletal system
• Obesity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is an inborn error of valine metabolism. The prevalence is unknown. Only one symptomatic patient (with anaemia, failure to thrive, dilated cardiomyopathy and plasma carnitine deficiency) has been described so far, but several series of patients have been identified through newborn screening programs relying on detection of increased C(4)-carnitine levels by tandem mass spectrometry. The disorder is caused by mutations in the ACAD8 gene (11q25).

ISOBUTYRYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as ibd deficiency|acad8 deficiency|acyl-coa dehydrogenase family, member 8, deficiency of|isobutyric aciduria

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) is a multisystem disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, glaucoma, intellectual disabilities, postnatal growth retardation and renal tubular dysfunction with chronic renal failure.

OCULOCEREBRORENAL SYNDROME OF LOWE Is also known as oculocerebrorenal dystrophy|phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate 5-phosphatase deficiency|oculo-cerebro-renal dystrophy|oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome|lowe disease|ocrl1|ocrl|ocr|lowe syndrome|phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase deficiency|l

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

CRANIOFACIAL DYSPLASIA-SHORT STATURE-ECTODERMAL ANOMALIES-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME Is also known as developmental delay-short stature-dysmorphic features-sparse hair syndrome|loucks-innes syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN