Generalized hypotonia, and Ventricular septal defect

Intellectual disability-feeding difficulties-developmental delay-microcephaly syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by borderline to severe intellectual disability, global development delay, feeding difficulties, microcephaly, short stature and mild facial dysmorphism, including thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, prominent incisors and/or thin upper lip. Other associated features may include hypermetropia with or without esotropia, behavioral anomallies (e.g. autistic behavior, sleeping disturbances), urogenital abnormalities (e.g. crytorchidism, inguinal hernia), single palmar crease, fifth-finger clinodactyly and cardiac defects (e.g. ASD, PDA).

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

TRANSKETOLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as short stature-developmental delay-congenital heart defect syndrome|tkt deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ventricular septal defect

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome resulting from disordered peroxisome biogenesis. Affected children present in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, seizures, and inability to feed. Characteristic craniofacial anomalies, eye abnormalities, neuronal migration defects, hepatomegaly, and chondrodysplasia punctata are present. Children with this condition do not show any significant development and usually die in the first year of life (summary by Steinberg et al., 2006).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Zellweger syndrome, see {214100}.Individuals with PBDs of complementation group 9 (CG9, equivalent to CGD) have mutations in the PEX16 gene. For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}.

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Cataract
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Severe hypotonia-psychomotor developmental delay-strabismus-cardiac septal defect syndrome is a rare, genetic, non-dystrophic congenital myopathy disorder characterized by a neonatal-onset of severe generalized hypotonia associated with mild psychomotor delay, congenital strabismus with abducens nerve palsy, and atrial and/or ventricular septal defects. Cryptorchidism is commonly reported in male patients and muscle biopsy typically reveals increased variability in muscle fiber size.

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Strabismus
• Cryptorchidism
• Delayed speech and language development

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase-1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by severely delayed psychomotor development, neurodegeneration, increased lactic acid, and brain lesions in the basal ganglia (summary by Peters et al., 2014).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital hypothyroidism (CH), infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and benign hereditary chorea (BHC; see these terms).

BRAIN-LUNG-THYROID SYNDROME Is also known as choreoathetosis-hypothyroidism-neonatal respiratory distress syndrome|brain-lung-thyroid syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Motor delay

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia with or without polydactyly, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Low-set ears
• Brachydactyly
• Ventricular septal defect
• Respiratory insufficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) is a severe infantile form of proximal spinal muscular atrophy (see this term) characterized by severe and progressive muscle weakness and hypotonia resulting from the degeneration and loss of the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and the brain stem nuclei.

PROXIMAL SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY TYPE 1 Is also known as muscular atrophy, infantile|sma type 1|sma-i|infantile spinal muscular atrophy|sma, infantile acute form|sma1|werdnig-hoffmann disease|sma i|sma type i

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome is a rare, genetic neurometabolic disorder characterized by seizures, macrocephaly, delayed motor milestones, moderate intellectual disability, scoliosis with no exostoses, muscular hypotonia present since birth, as well as renal dysfunction. Coarse facial features (including hypertelorism and long hypoplastic philtrum) and bilateral cryptorchidism (in males) are also commonly reported. Additional manifestations include abnormal gastrointestinal motility (resulting in constipation, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux and dysphagia), gait disturbances, strabismus and ventricular septal defects.

SEIZURES-SCOLIOSIS-MACROCEPHALY SYNDROME Is also known as ssm syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Failure to thrive
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN