Generalized hypotonia, and Stroke

B4GALT1-CDG is a congenital disorder of glycosylation characterised by macrocephaly due to Dandy-Walker malformation, hydrocephaly, hypotonia, myopathy and coagulation anomalies. To date, only one case has been reported. The syndrome is associated with mutations in the GALT1 gene (localised to region q13 of chromosome 9) leading to a deficiency in the Golgi apparatus enzyme beta-1,4-galactosyl transferase.

B4GALT1-CDG Is also known as carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type iid|beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase deficiency|congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2d|cdg2d|cdg iid|congenital disorder of glycosylation type iid|cdgiid|cdg-iid|cdg syndrome type iid

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase deficiency is a metabolic disorder for which two forms have been described. Lack of activity of the erythrocyte isoform of AMP deaminase has been described in subjects with low plasma uric acid levels without obvious clinical relevance and will not be described further. Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency is an inherited disorder of muscular energy metabolism with a lack of AMP deaminase activity in skeletal muscle. It is characterised by exercise-induced muscle pain, cramps and/or early fatigue.

ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEAMINASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as ampd1 deficiency|amp deaminase deficiency|myoadenylate deaminase deficiency, myopathy due to|adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 deficiency, myopathy due to|myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Skeletal muscle atrophy
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

This syndrome is characterised by childhood-onset progressive ataxia and cerebellar atrophy.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ATAXIA DUE TO UBIQUINONE DEFICIENCY Is also known as arca2|autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 2|spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 9|scar9|autosomal recessive ataxia due to coenzyme q10 deficiency|autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 9

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCCD) is an inherited disorder of leucine metabolism characterized by a highly variable clinical picture ranging from metabolic crisis in infancy to asymptomatic adults.

3-METHYLCROTONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as mcc1 deficiency|3-methylcrotonylglycinuria i|mccd|3-methylcrotonylglycinuria|methylcrotonylglycinuria type i|mccd type 1|mcc deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Homocystinuria due to methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is a metabolic disorder characterised by neurological manifestations.

HOMOCYSTINURIA DUE TO METHYLENE TETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency|mthfr deficiency|methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

CITRULLINEMIA, CLASSIC Is also known as ass deficiency|argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency|citrullinemia, type i|ctln1|citrullinuria

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 9 (ACAD9) deficiency is a rare disorder leading to a deficiency of complex I of the respiratory chain and is characterized by neurological dysfunction, hepatic failure and cardiomyopathy.

ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE 9 DEFICIENCY Is also known as acyl-coa dehydrogenase 9 deficiency|acad9 deficiency

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

RFT1-CDG is a form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation characterized by poorly coordinated suck resulting in difficulty feeding and failure to thrive; myoclonic jerks with hypotonia and brisk reflexes progressing to a seizure disorder; roving eyes; developmental delay; poor to absent visual contact; and sensorineural hearing loss. Additional features that may be observed include coagulation factor abnormalities, inverted nipples and microcephaly. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene RFT1 (3p21.1).

RFT1-CDG Is also known as congenital disorder of glycosylation type in|cdg1n|cdg-in|cdg syndrome type in|carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type in|man5glcnac2-pp-dol flippase deficiency|cdgin|cdg in|congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1n

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Saguenay-Lac-St. Jean (SLSJ) type congenital lactic acidosis, a French Canadian form of Leigh syndrome (see this term), is a mitochondrial disease characterized by chronic metabolic acidosis, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism and delayed development.

CONGENITAL LACTIC ACIDOSIS, SAGUENAY-LAC-SAINT-JEAN TYPE Is also known as cytochrome oxidase deficiency, saguenay-lac-saint-jean type|cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, french canadian type|cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, french-canadian type|cox deficiency, french canadian type|leigh syndrome, french-canadian type|slsj-cox defi

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Methylmalonic aciduria is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of methylmalonate and cobalamin (cbl; vitamin B12) metabolism. Isolated methylmalonic aciduria is found in patients with mutations in the MUT gene causing partial, mut(-), or complete, mut(0), enzyme deficiency. This form is unresponsive to B12 therapy. Various forms of isolated methylmalonic aciduria also occur in a subset of patients with defects in the synthesis of the MUT coenzyme adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) and are classified according to complementation group: cblA (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MMAA gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 4q31, and cblB (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MMAB gene (OMIM ) on 12q24.Combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria may be seen in complementation groups cblC (OMIM ), cblD (OMIM ), and cblF (OMIM ).See the comprehensive review of Ledley (1990).

METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA DUE TO METHYLMALONYL-COA MUTASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as methylmalonic acidemia due to methylmalonyl-coa mutase deficiency mma due to mcm deficiency|methylmalonic aciduria, mut type

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN