Generalized hypotonia, and Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

MICROPHTHALMIA, SYNDROMIC 12; MCOPS12 Is also known as microphthalmia with or without pulmonary hypoplasia, diaphragmatic hernia, and/or cardiac defects

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Acrocallosal syndrome (ACS) is a polymalformative syndrome characterized by agenesis of corpus callosum (CC), distal anomalies of limbs, minor craniofacial anomalies and intellectual deficit.

ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME Is also known as acs

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia with or without polydactyly, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Cleft palate
• Low-set ears
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Abnormality of the skeletal system

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Cutis laxa is a collection of disorders that are typified by loose and/or wrinkled skin that imparts a prematurely aged appearance. Face, hands, feet, joints, and torso may be differentially affected. The skin lacks elastic recoil, in marked contrast to the hyperelasticity apparent in classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (see {130000}). These properties are nearly always attributable to loss, fragmentation, or severe disorganization of dermal elastic fibers (summary by Davidson and Giro, 2002).Patients with autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IC exhibit generalized cutis laxa in association with impaired pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and dermal development (summary by Callewaert et al., 2013).For general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (OMIM ).

CUTIS LAXA WITH SEVERE PULMONARY, GASTROINTESTINAL AND URINARY ANOMALIES Is also known as urban-rifkin-davis syndrome|arcl1c|autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1c|urds|cutis laxa with severe pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and urinary abnormalities

• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Depressed nasal bridge

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IB (ARCL1B) is characterized by the presence of severe systemic connective tissue abnormalities, including emphysema, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, birth fractures, arachnodactyly, and fragility of blood vessels. All symptoms refer to disturbed elastic fiber formation (summary by Hoyer et al., 2009).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (OMIM ).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital hydrocephalus-2 is a congenital disorder with onset in utero. Affected individuals have hydrocephalus with variably dilated ventricles and variable neurologic sequelae. Some individuals have other brain abnormalities, including lissencephaly, thinning of the corpus callosum, and neuronal heterotopia. Most patients have delayed motor development and some have delayed intellectual development and/or seizures. Additional congenital features, including cardiac septal defects, iris coloboma, and nonspecific dysmorphic features, may be observed. Some patients die in utero, in infancy, or in early childhood, whereas others have long-term survival (summary by Shaheen et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital hydrocephalus, see {233600}.

HYDROCEPHALUS, CONGENITAL, 2, WITH OR WITHOUT BRAIN OR EYE ANOMALIES; HYC2 Is also known as hydrocephalus, nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive 2, formerly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Intellectual disability-microcephaly-strabismus-behavioral abnormalities syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellecutal disability disorder characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism (microcephaly, hypotonic facies, strabismus, long and flat malar region, posteriorly rotated ears, flat nasal bridge with broad nasal tip, short philtrum, thin vermillion border, open mouth with down-turned corners, high arched palate, pointed chin), global developmental delay, intellectual disability and variable neurobehavioral abnormalities (autism spectrum disorder, aggressivness, self injury). Additional features include vision abnormalities and variable sensorineural hearing loss, as well as short stature, hypotonia and gastrointestinal manifestations (e.g. poor feeding, gastroesophageal reflux, constipation).

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-MICROCEPHALY-STRABISMUS-BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES SYNDROME Is also known as mrd37|mental retardation, autosomal dominant 37

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Matthew-Wood syndrome is a rare clinical entity including as main characteristics anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia, and pulmonary hypoplasia or aplasia.

MATTHEW-WOOD SYNDROME Is also known as anophthalmia, clinical, with mild facial dysmorphism and variable malformations of the lung, heart, and diaphragm|syndromic microphthalmia type 9|mcops9|pulmonary agenesis, microphthalmia, and diaphragmatic defect|anophthalmia-pulmonary hypoplasia syndrom

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Teebi type hypertelorism is a rare genetic disease characterized by hypertelorism with facial features that can closely resemble craniofrontonasal dysplasia (see this term), such as prominent forehead, widow's peak, heavy and broad eyebrows, long palpebral fissures, ptosis, high and broad nasal bridge, short nose, low-set ears, natal teeth, thin upper lip and a grooved chin, as well as limb (i.e. fifth-finger clinodactyly, pes adductus, mild interdigital webbing), urogenital (i.e. bilateral cryptorchidism and shawl scrotum in males) and umbilical (i.e. hernia/small omphalocele) anomalies and cardiac (i.e. ventricular or atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus) defects. Additional findings such as polycystic kidneys and iridochorioretinal colobomas have also been reported and psychomotor development is normal. The facial features can also resemble Aarskog and Opitz G/BBB syndromes (see these terms).

HYPERTELORISM, TEEBI TYPE Is also known as brachycephalofrontonasal dysplasia|craniofrontonasal dysplasia, teebi type|teebi syndrome|teebi hypertelorism syndrome

• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Strabismus
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

The term '3MC syndrome' encompasses 4 rare autosomal recessive disorders that were previously designated the Carnevale, Mingarelli, Malpuech, and Michels syndromes, respectively. The main features of these syndromes are facial dysmorphism that includes hypertelorism, blepharophimosis, blepharoptosis, and highly arched eyebrows, which are present in 70 to 95% of cases. Cleft lip and palate, postnatal growth deficiency, cognitive impairment, and hearing loss are also consistent findings, occurring in 40 to 68% of cases. Craniosynostosis, radioulnar synostosis, and genital and vesicorenal anomalies occur in 20 to 30% of cases. Rare features include anterior chamber defects, cardiac anomalies, caudal appendage, umbilical hernia (omphalocele), and diastasis recti (summary by Rooryck et al., 2011).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3MC syndrome, see 3MC1 (OMIM ).

3MC SYNDROME 3; 3MC3 Is also known as malpuech facial clefting syndrome, formerly|facial clefting syndrome, gypsy type

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN