Generalized hypotonia, and Cerebellar hypoplasia

Endosteal sclerosis-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome is characterized by congenital cerebellar hypoplasia, endosteal sclerosis, hypotonia, ataxia, mild to moderate developmental delay, short stature, hip dislocation, and tooth eruption disturbances. It has been described in four patients. Less common manifestations are microcephaly, strabismus, nystagmus, optic atrophy, and dysarthria. It is appears to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome-25 is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by delayed psychomotor development and oculomotor apraxia associated with cerebellar hypoplasia manifest as the molar tooth sign on brain imaging. The clinical manifestations appear to be confined to the neurologic system, as patients tend not to have additional renal, liver, or limb involvement (summary by Srour et al., 2015)For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Cerebellar hypoplasia
• Apraxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies (type A) is an autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic brain and eye malformations, profound mental retardation, congenital muscular dystrophy, and death usually in the first years of life. The phenotype includes the alternative clinical designation Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). The disorder represents the most severe end of a phenotypic spectrum of similar disorders resulting from defective glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1; 128239), collectively known as 'dystroglycanopathies' (summary by Manzini et al., 2012).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A, see MDDGA1 (OMIM ).

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES), TYPE A, 8; MDDGA8 Is also known as walker-warburg syndrome or muscle-eye-brain disease, gtdc2-related

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ventriculomegaly
• Hydrocephalus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations-9 is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by profoundly impaired motor and cognitive development apparent from early infancy. Affected individuals develop intractable seizures and are unable to speak or ambulate. Brain imaging shows pachygyria as well as hypogenesis of the corpus callosum and other variable brain abnormalities. The phenotype results from impaired cortical neuronal migration (summary by Schaffer et al., 2018).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CDCBM, see CDCBM1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Tremor

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

X-linked non progressive cerebellar ataxia is a rare hereditary ataxia characterized by delayed early motor development, severe neonatal hypotonia, non-progressive ataxia and slow eye movements, presenting normal cognitive abilities and absence of pyramidal signs. Frequently patients also manifest intention tremor, mild dysphagia, and dysarthria. Brain MRI reveals global cerebellar atrophy with absence of other malformations or degenerations of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

X-LINKED NON PROGRESSIVE CEREBELLAR ATAXIA Is also known as scax5|x-linked spinocerebellar ataxia type 5

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cerebellar ataxia, Cayman type is characterised by psychomotor retardation, hypotonia and cerebellar dysfunction (nystagmus, ataxic gait, truncal ataxia, dysarthric speech and intention tremor), associated with cerebellar hypoplasia.

CEREBELLAR ATAXIA, CAYMAN TYPE Is also known as cayman ataxia

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive mental retardation-53 is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severely delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia apparent since infancy, and early-onset seizures in most patients. Some patients may have additional features, such as cerebellar hypoplasia and ataxia. MRT53 is one of a group of similar neurologic disorders resulting from biochemical defects in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthetic pathway (summary by Makrythanasis et al., 2016).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (OMIM ).

MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 53; MRT53 Is also known as glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 13|gpibd13

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 (SCA29) is a rare subtype of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I (ADCA type I; see this term) characterized by very slowly progressive or non-progressive ataxia, dysarthria, oculomotor abnormalities and intellectual disability.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 29 Is also known as cnpca|aplasia of cerebellar vermis|congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia|cerebellar vermis aplasia|sca29|cerebellar ataxia, congenital nonprogressive, autosomal dominant|acv

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN